Working Paper |
File Downloads |
Abstract Views |
Last month |
3 months |
12 months |
Total |
Last month |
3 months |
12 months |
Total |
50 years of urbanization in Africa: examining the role of climate change |
0 |
0 |
1 |
93 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
213 |
A Theory of Urban Growth |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
113 |
Aid, social capital and village public goods: after the tsunami |
0 |
0 |
0 |
110 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
206 |
Building functional cities |
0 |
0 |
0 |
80 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
128 |
Building the City: Urban Transition and Institutional Frictions |
0 |
0 |
2 |
109 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
220 |
Building the city: from slums to a modern metropolis |
0 |
0 |
0 |
46 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
117 |
Building the city: from slums to a modern metropolis |
1 |
2 |
4 |
7 |
1 |
3 |
9 |
18 |
Building the city: sunk capital, sequencing andinstitutional frictions |
0 |
0 |
0 |
40 |
0 |
1 |
7 |
87 |
Building the city: urban transition and institutional frictions |
0 |
0 |
0 |
51 |
3 |
4 |
10 |
137 |
Building the city: urban transition and institutional frictions |
0 |
0 |
0 |
62 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
146 |
China's Land Market Auctions: Evidence of Corruption |
0 |
0 |
1 |
351 |
1 |
2 |
12 |
1,018 |
Climate Change, Population Growth, and Population Pressure |
0 |
1 |
8 |
24 |
0 |
2 |
23 |
38 |
College Education: Equality of Opportunity |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
94 |
Colonial Legacies: Shaping African Cities |
0 |
0 |
1 |
114 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
420 |
Colonial legacies: Shaping African cities |
0 |
0 |
2 |
29 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
64 |
Colonial legacies: shaping African cities |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
6 |
12 |
Colonial legacies: shaping African cities |
0 |
0 |
0 |
65 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
93 |
Corruption in Indonesia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
638 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2,982 |
Costs of Air Quality Regulation |
0 |
0 |
0 |
133 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
635 |
Costs of Air Quality Regulation |
0 |
0 |
0 |
123 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
621 |
Determinants of City Growth in Brazil |
0 |
0 |
0 |
43 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
129 |
Determinants of City Growth in Brazil |
0 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
240 |
Determinants of City Growth in Brazil |
0 |
0 |
0 |
277 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1,127 |
Determinants of city growth in Brazil |
0 |
0 |
1 |
148 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
485 |
Does Investment in National Highways Help or Hurt Hinterland City Growth? |
0 |
0 |
0 |
111 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
299 |
Does investment in national highways help or hurt hinterland city growth? |
0 |
0 |
0 |
53 |
0 |
3 |
11 |
155 |
Effects of Air Quality Regulation |
0 |
1 |
2 |
225 |
1 |
2 |
10 |
1,498 |
Effects of Air Quality Regulation on in Polluting Industries |
0 |
1 |
2 |
146 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
939 |
Examining the Growth Patterns of Brazilian Cities |
0 |
0 |
0 |
68 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
261 |
Examining the Growth Patterns of Brazilian Cities |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
45 |
Examining the growth patterns of Brazilian cities |
0 |
0 |
0 |
214 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
1,105 |
Exclusionary Policies in Urban Development, How under-servicing of migrant households affects the growth and composition of Brazilian cities |
0 |
0 |
0 |
89 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
327 |
Externalities and Industrial Development |
0 |
0 |
0 |
516 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
1,370 |
Geography and development |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1,236 |
3 |
6 |
11 |
3,861 |
Growth in the African Urban Hierarchy |
1 |
3 |
7 |
10 |
1 |
4 |
13 |
18 |
Has climate change driven urbanization in Africa? |
1 |
3 |
3 |
73 |
1 |
4 |
8 |
131 |
Hierarchy Models of City Size: An Economic Evaluation |
0 |
0 |
1 |
64 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
277 |
Highways, Market Access and Urban Growth in China |
0 |
0 |
5 |
244 |
0 |
6 |
28 |
551 |
How Migration Restrictions Limit Agglomeration and Productivity in China |
0 |
0 |
0 |
372 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1,345 |
How urban concentration affects economic growth |
0 |
0 |
3 |
881 |
1 |
1 |
7 |
2,848 |
In brief: Investing in roads |
0 |
0 |
0 |
44 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
91 |
Industrial Development in Cities |
0 |
0 |
1 |
891 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
3,278 |
Is urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa different ? |
0 |
1 |
4 |
155 |
0 |
2 |
8 |
400 |
Land Quality |
0 |
1 |
3 |
15 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
38 |
Land Quality |
0 |
0 |
0 |
40 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
155 |
Location, growth and productivity in the manufacturing and service sectors |
0 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
22 |
Marshall's Economies |
0 |
0 |
1 |
403 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1,103 |
Marshall's Scale Economies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
5 |
93 |
Marshall's Scale Economies |
0 |
0 |
1 |
755 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
2,324 |
Measuring Economic Growth from Outer Space |
0 |
0 |
2 |
326 |
0 |
4 |
16 |
1,153 |
Measuring Economic Growth from Outer Space |
0 |
0 |
1 |
188 |
2 |
3 |
20 |
633 |
Measuring Urban Economic Density |
0 |
1 |
3 |
38 |
1 |
2 |
8 |
130 |
Measuring urban economic density |
0 |
0 |
3 |
190 |
0 |
3 |
8 |
626 |
Networking Off Madison Avenue |
0 |
0 |
1 |
258 |
0 |
2 |
12 |
993 |
On strategic community development |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
41 |
On the Strategic Community Development |
0 |
0 |
0 |
79 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
428 |
On the pricing strategy of a land developer |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
40 |
Optimum City Size: The External Diseconomy Question |
0 |
0 |
0 |
114 |
0 |
3 |
6 |
408 |
Organization of Disaster Aid Delivery: Spending Your Donations |
0 |
0 |
0 |
24 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
149 |
Organization of disaster aid delivery: spending your donations |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
77 |
Quality-adjusted Population Density |
0 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
67 |
Quality-adjusted Population Density |
0 |
1 |
2 |
13 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
47 |
Roads, railroads and decentralization of Chinese cities |
0 |
0 |
3 |
96 |
1 |
4 |
21 |
353 |
Sick of Local Government Corruption? Vote Islamic |
0 |
0 |
1 |
197 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
841 |
Spatial Organization of Firms: The Decision to Split Production and Administration |
0 |
0 |
2 |
167 |
1 |
2 |
10 |
583 |
The Agglomeration of Headquarters |
0 |
0 |
0 |
313 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
966 |
The Costs of Political Manipulation of Factor Markets in China |
0 |
0 |
1 |
55 |
0 |
2 |
8 |
120 |
The Dynamics of City Formation |
0 |
0 |
1 |
307 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
610 |
The Dynamics of City Formation: Finance and Governance |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
374 |
The Dynamics of City Formation: Finance and Governance |
0 |
0 |
0 |
180 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
533 |
The Effects of Urban Concentration on Economic Growth |
0 |
1 |
6 |
1,072 |
1 |
3 |
12 |
3,414 |
The Geography of Development within Countries |
1 |
1 |
4 |
187 |
1 |
1 |
6 |
339 |
The Global Spatial Distribution of Economic Activity: Nature, History and the Role of Trade |
0 |
0 |
0 |
60 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
193 |
The Global Spatial Distribution of Economic Activity: Nature, History, and the Role of Trade |
1 |
1 |
1 |
134 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
145 |
The Global Spatial Distribution of Economic Activity: Nature, History, and the Role of Trade |
0 |
0 |
0 |
87 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
252 |
The Sizes and Types of Cities |
0 |
1 |
8 |
699 |
4 |
7 |
42 |
4,544 |
The development of the African system of cities |
0 |
0 |
0 |
54 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
117 |
The global distribution of economic activity: nature, history, and the role of trade |
0 |
1 |
2 |
80 |
0 |
2 |
7 |
253 |
The global spatial distribution of economic activity:nature, history and the role of trade |
0 |
0 |
0 |
68 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
76 |
The prospects for manufacturing-led growth in Africa’s cities |
0 |
0 |
0 |
22 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
28 |
The roles of nature and history in world development |
0 |
0 |
1 |
228 |
0 |
2 |
5 |
204 |
Trade and Factor Mobility with Increasing Returns to Scale |
0 |
0 |
0 |
30 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
151 |
Transport Infrastructure, Urban Growth and Market Access in China |
3 |
3 |
7 |
178 |
3 |
7 |
22 |
506 |
Um Exame dos Padrões de Crescimento das Cidades Brasileiras |
0 |
0 |
0 |
47 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
254 |
Urban Evolution in the USA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
9 |
205 |
Urban Growth |
0 |
0 |
0 |
773 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3,393 |
Urban and regional dynamics in Poland |
0 |
0 |
0 |
395 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1,657 |
Urban economics for the developing world: an introduction |
0 |
0 |
0 |
43 |
0 |
3 |
10 |
125 |
Urban land markets and city development: Sub-Saharan Africa |
0 |
1 |
5 |
16 |
2 |
3 |
19 |
38 |
Urbanization and the geography of development |
0 |
0 |
1 |
11 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
47 |
Urbanization in the Developing World: Too Early or Too Slow? |
0 |
0 |
0 |
30 |
1 |
1 |
6 |
121 |
Urbanization in the developing world: too early or too slow? |
1 |
2 |
4 |
21 |
1 |
2 |
10 |
65 |
Volunteerism after the Tsunami: the effects of democratization |
0 |
0 |
1 |
57 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
142 |
Volunteerism after the tsunami: the effects of democratization |
0 |
0 |
1 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
59 |
Where Do Manufacturing Firms Locate Their Headquarters? |
0 |
0 |
1 |
242 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
807 |
Where do manufacturing firms locate their headquarters? |
1 |
1 |
1 |
161 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
759 |
Total Working Papers |
10 |
28 |
119 |
16,507 |
38 |
155 |
566 |
58,943 |
Journal Article |
File Downloads |
Abstract Views |
Last month |
3 months |
12 months |
Total |
Last month |
3 months |
12 months |
Total |
A Bright Idea for Measuring Economic Growth |
1 |
1 |
7 |
208 |
1 |
2 |
9 |
595 |
A Model of Housing Tenure Choice |
0 |
5 |
15 |
1,350 |
3 |
13 |
47 |
2,914 |
A Theory of Urban Growth |
1 |
1 |
6 |
1,446 |
3 |
6 |
33 |
4,595 |
Are Chinese Cities Too Small? |
1 |
2 |
22 |
476 |
4 |
9 |
62 |
1,602 |
Aspects of growth in a system of cities |
0 |
0 |
0 |
84 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
227 |
Aspects of the rural-urban transformation of countries |
0 |
0 |
1 |
215 |
0 |
2 |
7 |
588 |
Building the City: From Slums to a Modern Metropolis |
3 |
3 |
9 |
21 |
5 |
7 |
30 |
78 |
CITIES AND DEVELOPMENT |
2 |
5 |
20 |
204 |
3 |
8 |
46 |
523 |
China's land market auctions: evidence of corruption? |
1 |
2 |
3 |
89 |
2 |
4 |
15 |
518 |
Cities in China |
1 |
2 |
3 |
33 |
1 |
3 |
8 |
111 |
Colonial legacies: Shaping African cities |
0 |
2 |
13 |
32 |
5 |
17 |
56 |
226 |
Comment on internalizing pollution externalities |
0 |
0 |
0 |
26 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
84 |
Commentary on \\"Urban colossus: why is New York America's largest city?\\" |
0 |
0 |
0 |
31 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
169 |
Community Development: The Effects of Growth and Uncertainty |
0 |
0 |
0 |
175 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
884 |
Community choice of revenue instruments |
0 |
0 |
1 |
50 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
144 |
Congestion and optimum city size |
0 |
0 |
2 |
102 |
0 |
1 |
7 |
187 |
Corruption and local democratization in Indonesia: The role of Islamic parties |
0 |
1 |
2 |
174 |
1 |
3 |
5 |
525 |
Determinants of city growth in Brazil |
0 |
0 |
3 |
198 |
0 |
5 |
16 |
752 |
Development Games in Non-monocentric Cities |
0 |
0 |
1 |
85 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
215 |
Does investment in national highways help or hurt hinterland city growth? |
0 |
0 |
10 |
110 |
3 |
6 |
47 |
384 |
Dynamic aspects of consumer decisions in housing markets |
0 |
0 |
2 |
190 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
446 |
Dynamics of city formation |
0 |
0 |
1 |
352 |
1 |
2 |
10 |
1,498 |
Effects of Air Quality Regulation |
1 |
1 |
11 |
324 |
4 |
12 |
44 |
1,283 |
Effects of Air Quality Regulations on Polluting Industries |
1 |
1 |
6 |
548 |
3 |
5 |
23 |
1,796 |
Efficiency of resource usage and city size |
1 |
2 |
8 |
932 |
1 |
5 |
26 |
1,883 |
Ethnolinguistic diversity and urban agglomeration |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
28 |
Evaluating consumer amenities and interregional welfare differences |
0 |
0 |
2 |
56 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
234 |
Evidence on the political economy of the urbanization process |
1 |
4 |
19 |
645 |
4 |
11 |
47 |
1,649 |
Exclusionary policies in urban development: Under-servicing migrant households in Brazilian cities |
0 |
0 |
1 |
122 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
368 |
Exploitation of the lobster fishery: Some empirical results |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
67 |
Externalities and Industrial Development |
0 |
0 |
1 |
248 |
2 |
3 |
19 |
883 |
Externalities in a spatial context: The case of air pollution |
0 |
0 |
2 |
123 |
0 |
3 |
6 |
262 |
Geography and development |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
17 |
5,954 |
Has climate change driven urbanization in Africa? |
1 |
1 |
7 |
295 |
2 |
5 |
38 |
1,037 |
How migration restrictions limit agglomeration and productivity in China |
0 |
0 |
0 |
282 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
822 |
Increasing Returns to Scale, Free Trade, and Factor Mobility: A Note on Equilibrium |
0 |
0 |
0 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
293 |
Industrial Bases and City Sizes |
0 |
0 |
0 |
57 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
217 |
Industrial Centralization in Indonesia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
650 |
Industrial Development in Cities |
1 |
3 |
20 |
1,026 |
3 |
10 |
67 |
3,656 |
Innovation and agglomeration: Two parables suggested by city-size distributions: Comment |
0 |
0 |
1 |
30 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
105 |
Letter to the Editor---On a paper by C. Hendrickson and G. Kocur entitled “Schedule Delay and Departure Time Decisions in a Deterministic Model” |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
7 |
Locational pattern of heavy industries: Decentralization is more efficient |
0 |
0 |
1 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
60 |
Marshall's scale economies |
0 |
0 |
4 |
720 |
1 |
7 |
21 |
1,704 |
Measuring Economic Growth from Outer Space |
4 |
8 |
20 |
602 |
7 |
25 |
73 |
2,586 |
Measuring urban economic density |
0 |
3 |
5 |
23 |
4 |
13 |
29 |
108 |
Medium size cities |
0 |
0 |
2 |
346 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
891 |
Networking off Madison Avenue |
1 |
1 |
14 |
285 |
9 |
25 |
91 |
1,164 |
On Strategic Community Development |
0 |
0 |
0 |
132 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
670 |
On the Pricing Strategy of a Land Developer |
0 |
0 |
0 |
51 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
170 |
Optimal regulation of land development through price and fiscal controls |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
80 |
Optimum City Size: The External Diseconomy Question |
0 |
0 |
4 |
396 |
0 |
1 |
12 |
1,304 |
Organization of Disaster Aid Delivery: Spending Your Donations |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
5 |
9 |
347 |
Overcoming the Adverse Effects of Geography: Infrastructure, Health, and Agricultural Policies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
43 |
Owner occupancy: Investment vs consumption demand |
2 |
2 |
3 |
267 |
3 |
4 |
10 |
663 |
Peak shifting and cost-benefit miscalculations |
0 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
162 |
Peer group effects and educational production functions |
0 |
1 |
1 |
620 |
0 |
2 |
5 |
2,149 |
Political Economy of City Sizes and Formation |
0 |
0 |
1 |
232 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
738 |
Political favoritism in China’s capital markets and its effect on city sizes |
0 |
0 |
1 |
68 |
0 |
1 |
8 |
249 |
Political manipulation of urban land markets: Evidence from China |
1 |
3 |
8 |
24 |
1 |
4 |
22 |
73 |
Population composition of cities: Restructuring the tiebout model |
0 |
0 |
0 |
27 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
115 |
Property Tax Incidence with a Public Sector |
0 |
0 |
0 |
81 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
315 |
Public goods, efficiency, and regional fiscal equalization |
1 |
1 |
16 |
615 |
1 |
3 |
23 |
1,212 |
Reply to comments on 'Urban diversity and fiscal decentralization' |
0 |
0 |
1 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
102 |
Reputation in land development markets |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
66 |
Road congestion: A reconsideration of pricing theory |
1 |
2 |
3 |
280 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
612 |
Roads, Railroads, and Decentralization of Chinese Cities |
0 |
1 |
19 |
295 |
5 |
10 |
52 |
914 |
Scale Externalities in Korea |
0 |
0 |
3 |
180 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
419 |
Separating Tiebout equilibria |
0 |
0 |
0 |
31 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
75 |
Spatial Evolution of Population and Industry in the United States |
0 |
0 |
1 |
249 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
729 |
Spatial evolution of the computer industry in the USA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
128 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
444 |
Spatial organization of firms: the decision to split production and administration |
0 |
0 |
2 |
12 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
62 |
Systems of cities in closed and open economies |
0 |
0 |
1 |
116 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
219 |
The Development of the African System of Cities |
0 |
1 |
6 |
42 |
0 |
5 |
28 |
171 |
The Global Distribution of Economic Activity: Nature, History, and the Role of Trade1 |
2 |
3 |
11 |
84 |
8 |
13 |
41 |
386 |
The Impact of Air Quality Regulation on Industrial Location |
0 |
0 |
0 |
21 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
78 |
The Sizes and Types of Cities |
3 |
4 |
22 |
1,894 |
5 |
14 |
67 |
7,253 |
The Tiebout Model: Bring Back the Entrepreneurs |
0 |
1 |
3 |
222 |
0 |
2 |
5 |
805 |
The Urbanization Process and Economic Growth: The So-What Question |
0 |
1 |
13 |
1,117 |
4 |
12 |
46 |
4,247 |
The agglomeration of headquarters |
0 |
0 |
0 |
174 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
540 |
The economics of staggered work hours |
0 |
1 |
2 |
258 |
0 |
4 |
8 |
666 |
The impact of government policies on urban concentration |
0 |
0 |
0 |
91 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
252 |
The impact of zoning policies which regulate housing quality |
0 |
0 |
0 |
78 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
178 |
The new urban landscape: Developers and edge cities |
0 |
1 |
7 |
645 |
0 |
1 |
13 |
1,859 |
The timing of regional development |
0 |
0 |
0 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
64 |
Understanding knowledge spillovers |
1 |
1 |
1 |
244 |
1 |
2 |
5 |
537 |
Urban diversity and fiscal decentralization |
0 |
0 |
0 |
76 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
202 |
Urban economics for the developing World: An introduction |
0 |
1 |
5 |
175 |
1 |
2 |
24 |
522 |
Urban evolution in the USA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
7 |
1,223 |
Urban primacy, external costs, and quality of life |
0 |
0 |
4 |
197 |
1 |
1 |
10 |
609 |
Urbanization and Economic Development |
0 |
3 |
8 |
371 |
3 |
11 |
44 |
1,508 |
Urbanization and city growth: The role of institutions |
2 |
3 |
7 |
473 |
3 |
7 |
22 |
1,312 |
Urbanization in Developing Countries |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
2 |
4 |
14 |
2,897 |
Urbanization in a developing country: City size and population composition |
0 |
0 |
0 |
103 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
314 |
Urbanization in the Developing World: Too Early or Too Slow? |
0 |
1 |
2 |
45 |
0 |
4 |
10 |
196 |
Volunteerism after the Tsunami: The Effects of Democratization |
0 |
0 |
0 |
16 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
80 |
Ways to Think about Urban Concentration: Neoclassical Urban Systems versus the New Economic Geography |
0 |
0 |
3 |
57 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
112 |
Where do manufacturing firms locate their headquarters? |
0 |
0 |
1 |
112 |
1 |
3 |
11 |
370 |
Why countries are fiscally decentralizing |
0 |
0 |
6 |
488 |
1 |
2 |
15 |
1,100 |
Will homeowners impose property taxes? |
0 |
0 |
1 |
23 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
92 |
Total Journal Articles |
34 |
79 |
411 |
23,314 |
116 |
349 |
1,529 |
84,477 |