Access Statistics for Anna Jacobson Schwartz

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Working Paper File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A brief empirical history of U.S. foreign-exchange intervention: 1973-1995 0 0 0 88 0 0 1 233
Asset Price Inflation and Monetary Policy 0 0 0 768 1 1 3 1,813
Bretton Woods and the U.S. decision to intervene in the foreign-exchange market, 1957-1962 0 0 0 63 1 1 1 173
Bretton Woods, swap lines, and the Federal Reserve’s return to intervention 0 0 0 100 0 0 1 174
Charles Goodhart's Contributions to the History of Monetary Institutions 0 0 1 468 0 0 3 2,184
Could Stable Money Have Averted The Great Contraction? 0 0 0 78 0 0 0 423
David Laidler on Monetarism 0 1 1 262 1 6 13 852
Epilogue: Foreign-Exchange-Market Operations in the Twenty-First Century 0 0 0 77 0 0 0 241
Epilogue: foreign-exchange-market operations in the twenty-first century 0 0 0 54 1 2 2 209
From Obscurity to Notoriety: A Biography of the Exchange Stabilization Fund 0 0 1 48 0 0 2 263
From the Exchange Stabilization Fund to the International Monetary Fund 0 0 5 153 3 4 12 712
IS-LM and Monetarism 0 0 0 624 1 2 5 2,154
Measuring Real Economic Effects of Bailouts: Historical Perspectives on How Countries in Financial Distress Have Fared With and Without Bailouts 0 0 2 318 0 0 5 1,138
Monetary Policy Regimes and Economic Performance: The Historical Record 1 1 7 591 2 8 23 1,863
Money Growth Variability and Money Supply Interdependence Under InterestRate Control: Some Evidence For Canada 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 235
Money Stock Targeting, Base Drift and Price-Level Predictability: Lessons From the U.K. Experience 0 0 0 44 0 0 0 601
Money and Prices in the Nineteenth Century: Was Thomas Tooke Right? 0 0 1 95 1 1 3 289
Money versus Credit Rationing: Evidence for the National Banking Era, 1880-1914 0 0 0 33 1 1 1 189
On the evolution of U.S. foreign-exchange-market intervention: thesis, theory, and institutions 0 0 0 78 0 1 2 368
Real Versus Pseudo-International Systemic Risk: Some Lessons from History 0 0 1 402 0 1 6 1,565
Shadow Open Market Committee; Policy Statement and Position Papers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 623
The ECU - An Imaginary or Embryonic Form of Money: What Can We Learn from History? 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 209
The Evolution of Wage and Employment in the Israeli Economy 1986-1991 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 177
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 0 1 63 2 3 5 117
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 0 0 72 0 0 1 68
The Federal Reserve as an Informed Foreign Exchange Trader: 1973 - 1995 0 0 0 33 0 0 1 117
The Federal Reserve as an informed foreign-exchange trader: 1973-1995 0 0 0 61 0 0 1 182
The Historical Origins of U.S. Exchange Market Intervention Policy 0 0 0 73 0 0 0 324
The Impact of Milton Friedman on Modern Monetary Economics: Setting the Record Straight on Paul Krugman's "Who Was Milton Friedman?" 0 1 1 379 0 2 4 1,181
The Interrelation of Wage Series of Firms to Each Other Land and to the Series of their Employment Level. Facts from Microdata 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 257
The Interrelation of the Time Series of Wage and Employment at the Firm Level, Common Features and Contracts 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 109
The Rise and Fall of Foreign Exchange Market Intervention 0 0 0 360 0 0 1 1,154
The Specie Standard As A Contingent Rule: Some Evidence for Core and Peripheral Countries, 1880-90 0 0 1 64 0 0 1 303
The Specie Standard as a Contingent Rule: Some Evidence for Core and Peripheral Countries, 1880-1990 0 0 0 49 0 1 3 356
The effects of regulation on systemic risks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38
The impact of Milton Friedman on modern monetary economics: setting the record straight on Paul Krugman’s 'Who Was Milton Friedman? 0 0 1 281 0 0 1 871
U.S. Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention and the Early Dollar Float: 1973 - 1981 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 77
U.S. Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan Era 0 1 1 18 1 2 2 110
U.S. Intervention During the Bretton Woods Era: 1962-1973 0 0 0 70 0 0 3 110
U.S. foreign-exchange-market intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan era 0 0 0 49 0 1 1 105
U.S. intervention and the early dollar float: 1973-1981 0 0 0 45 0 1 2 65
U.S. intervention during the Bretton Wood Era:1962-1973 0 0 0 81 0 1 1 191
U.S. monetary-policy evolution and U.S. intervention 0 0 0 110 1 1 1 103
Under What Circumstances, Past and Present, Have International Rescues of Countries in Financial Distress Been Successful? 0 0 0 82 0 0 0 555
Was Expansionary Monetary Policy Feasible During the Great Contraction? An Examination of the Gold Standard Constraint 0 0 0 359 1 1 1 3,446
What has Foreign Market Intervention Since the Plaza Agreement Accomplished? 0 1 1 78 0 1 1 375
Why Clashes Between Internal and External Stability Goals End in Currency Crises, 1797-1994 0 0 2 129 0 0 5 405
Total Working Papers 1 5 27 6,897 21 47 124 27,307

Journal Article File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
Aftermath of the monetarist clash with the federal reserve before and during the Volcker era 0 0 0 13 0 0 1 64
Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Economic Data 0 1 3 358 2 3 8 981
An Attempt at Synthesis in American Banking History1 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 14
Assessing the Euro three years after its launch 0 0 0 115 1 1 1 380
Asset price inflation and monetary policy 0 0 0 33 1 1 1 174
Book Review: The Political Economy of American Monetary Policy 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 34
Clark Warburton: Pioneer monetarist 0 0 0 10 0 0 1 117
Comment on: Historical monetary policy analysis and the Taylor rule 0 0 0 27 0 0 1 104
Consumers' Expenditure in the United Kingdom, 1900–1919. By A. R. Prest assisted by A. A. Adams. (Studies in the National Income and Expenditure of the United Kingdom, No. 3.) New York: Cambridge University Press, 1954. Pp. xiii, 195. $7.50 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 33
Could Stable Money Have Averted the Great Contraction? 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 335
Currency boards: their past, present, and possible future role 0 0 5 412 1 1 15 902
Dangers in Bailing Out Countries That Are in Default by the International Monetary Fund or Others 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8
Dealing with Exchange Rate Protectionism 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 39
Do Sovereign Debtors Need a Bankruptcy Law? 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 42
From Obscurity to Notoriety: A Biography of the Exchange Stabilization Fund 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 258
General and Miscellaneous - The Gold Standard in Theory and History. Edited by Barry Eichengreen. New York: Methuen, 1985. Pp. vi, 280. $11.95 paper 0 0 0 4 0 1 1 34
Global Order and the Future of the Euro 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 33
Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System. By Barry Eichengreen. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. Pp. vii, 223. $24.95 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 95
Has government any role in money? 0 1 8 549 2 7 25 1,149
Has the Growth of Money Substitutes Hindered Monetary Policy? 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 99
History of Mutual Savings Banks in Northampton, Massachusetts. By Katherine Finney. New York: King's Crown Press, 1945. Pp. x, 225. $2.50 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 20
IS-LM and Monetarism 0 0 2 50 0 3 24 365
Inflation and output changes in France, Italy, and the Netherlands: A comment 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 35
International Debts: What's Fact and What's Fiction 0 0 0 0 1 1 9 216
International Financial Crises: Myths and Realities 0 1 1 6 0 1 1 34
International Monetary Cooperation since Bretton Woods. By Harold James. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp. xvi, 742. $45.00 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 89
Interrelations between the United States and the United Kingdom, 1873-1975 0 0 0 49 0 0 3 189
Is There a Need for an International Lender of Last Resort? 0 0 0 8 1 1 2 49
Measuring real economic effects of bailouts: historical perspectives on how countries in financial distress have fared with and without bailouts 0 0 0 165 0 0 5 843
Monetary Policy and the Legacy of Milton Friedman 0 0 0 11 0 0 1 47
Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom, 1878–1970: Selected Findings 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 30
Monetary economic research at the St. Louis Fed during Ted Balbach's tenure as research director 0 0 0 13 0 1 1 115
Money and Prices in the Nineteenth Century: An Old Debate Rejoined 0 0 0 7 1 2 2 35
Money and prices in the 19th century: Was Thomas Tooke right? 0 0 2 53 1 1 3 487
Money stock targeting, base drift, and price-level predictability: Lessons from the U.K. Experience 0 0 0 15 0 1 1 259
Origins of the Financial Market Crisis of 2008 0 1 4 113 3 6 15 358
PROSPECTS OF AN INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM CONSTITUTION 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 48
Portrait 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4
Real versus Pseudo-International Systemic Risk Some Lessons from History 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 43
Reflections on the Gold Commission Report 0 0 0 57 0 0 0 263
Rejoinder to Paul Krugman 0 0 1 89 1 1 2 286
Remembering Milton Friedman 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 49
Risks to the long-term stability of the euro 0 0 0 52 0 0 0 280
Schwartz on Friedman 0 0 0 21 0 0 2 315
Secular Price Change in Historical Perspective 1 1 2 57 1 1 5 206
The Aliber, Dewald, and Gordon Papers: A Comment 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 64
The Beginning of Competitive Banking in Philadelphia, 1782-1809 0 0 0 37 0 1 2 155
The Behavior of Money Stock under Interest Rate Control: Some Evidence for Canada 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 129
The Definition of Money: Net Wealth and Neutrality as Criteria 0 0 2 642 0 1 6 3,021
The Effect of the Term Structure of Interest Rates on the Demand for Money in the United States 0 0 2 120 1 2 4 353
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 0 1 37 0 0 6 190
The Federal Reserve as an Informed Foreign Exchange Trader: 1973–1995 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 190
The Golden Age of the Quantity Theory, by David Laidler. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1991. Pp. xv, 220. ISBN 0-691-04295-0 0 0 0 24 0 1 1 56
The Golden Constant: The English and American Experience, 1560–1976. By Roy W. Jastram. New York: John Wiley, 1977. Pp. xvii, 231; tables and charts 0 0 0 21 0 1 1 66
The Importance of Stable Money: Theory and Evidence 0 0 0 4 2 2 3 33
The Jacksonian Economy. By Peter Temin. (The Norton Essays in American History. Edited by Harold M. Hyman.) New York: W. W. Norton, 1969. Pp. 208. $5.50 (cloth); $1.95 (paperback) 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 102
The National Bank Note Puzzle Reinterpreted 0 0 0 24 0 0 1 229
The Performance and Stability of Banking Systems under "Self-Regulation": Theory and Evidence 0 0 0 16 0 0 3 65
The Rise and Fall of Foreign Exchange Market Intervention as a Policy Tool 0 0 0 31 0 0 1 110
The Role of Monetary Policy in the Face of Crises 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 58
The banking crisis of 1993: Susan Estabrook Kennedy, (University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 1973) 270 pp 0 0 0 54 0 0 0 239
The failure of the bank of United States: A reappraisal: A reply 0 0 3 100 1 1 4 262
The historical origins of US exchange market intervention policy 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 213
The impact of Milton Friedman on modern monetary economics: Setting the record straight on Paul Krugman's "Who was Milton Friedman?" 0 0 2 199 1 4 9 1,405
The misuse of the Fed's discount window 0 1 3 113 2 4 6 465
Transmission of Real and Monetary Disturbances under Fixed and Floating Rates 0 2 2 13 0 2 3 53
US Foreign Exchange Market Intervention since 1962 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 206
Under what circumstances, past and present, have international rescues of countries in financial distress been successful? 0 1 3 34 0 2 9 502
Was Expansionary Monetary Policy Feasible during the Great Contraction? An Examination of the Gold Standard Constraint 1 1 2 103 2 2 8 622
What has foreign exchange market intervention since the Plaza Agreement accomplished? 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 135
Why A Monetary History Has Had a Long Life 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 37
Why a Dual Mandate is Wrong for Monetary Policy 0 0 2 75 0 0 2 200
Why clashes between internal and external stability goals end in currency crises, 1797–1994 0 0 1 38 4 5 12 207
Total Journal Articles 2 10 52 4,262 31 66 225 18,927

Book File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 0 0 0 0 9 44 195 4,864
A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931 0 0 0 0 1 4 27 809
Currency Held by the Public, the Banks, and the Treasury, Monthly, December 1917–December 1944 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 134
From New Deal Banking Reform to World War II Inflation 0 0 0 0 1 4 7 189
Monetary Statistics of the United States: Estimates, Sources, Methods 0 0 0 0 1 4 22 1,244
Monetary Trends in the United States and United Kingdom: Their Relation to Income, Prices, and Interest Rates, 1867–1975 0 0 0 0 1 3 16 1,216
Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 408
Money in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 0 0 5 30 694
Money in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9
Strained Relations 0 0 0 0 1 2 7 57
Strained Relations: US Foreign-Exchange Operations and Monetary Policy in the Twentieth Century 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 129
The Great Contraction, 1929–33 0 0 0 0 2 8 26 1,530
The International Transmission of Inflation 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 321
The International Transmission of Inflation 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 110
Total Books 0 0 0 0 17 76 356 11,714
1 registered items for which data could not be found

Chapter File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A Century of British Market Interest Rates, 1874–1975 0 0 1 14 1 1 4 56
A Priori Approaches 0 0 2 35 0 0 3 99
Alternative Monetary Regimes: The Gold Standard 0 0 3 49 0 0 5 235
Alternative Policies 0 0 1 71 1 1 2 140
Annual, Semiannual, and Quarterly Estimates, 1867-1907 2 2 4 24 2 2 4 97
Appendices, Currency Held by the Public, the Banks, and the Treasury, Monthly, December 1917–December 1944 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 52
Appendix 1: Summaries of Bank of England Documents 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3
Appendix 2: Empirical Method for Assessing Success Counts 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 6
Appendix: Publications of Anna J. Schwartz 0 0 1 7 0 0 1 99
Bank Failures 0 0 6 127 0 0 7 213
Basis for Our Choice of Definition 0 0 2 27 0 0 3 102
Charles Goodhart's contributions to the history of monetary institutions 0 0 1 4 0 1 3 36
Clark Warburton: Pioneer Monetarist 0 0 1 32 1 3 14 208
Comments on the Paper by Alan Budd, Sean Holly, Andrew Longbottom and David Smith 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Comparison of Earlier Estimates With Our Own 0 0 1 12 0 0 1 56
Conclusion on Definition 0 0 2 23 0 0 3 135
Currency Held by the Public: Call Date and Monthly Estimates 0 0 1 16 0 0 1 83
Cyclical Changes, 1933–41 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 74
David Laidler on Monetarism 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Definitions 0 0 0 12 1 1 3 92
Deposits and Commercial Banks: Call Dates 0 0 1 13 0 0 1 88
Deposits and Commercial Banks: Monthly Estimates 1 1 2 17 1 1 2 79
Deposits at Mutual Savings Banks: Call Date and Monthly Estimates 0 0 1 11 0 0 1 70
Deposits with the Postal Savings System 0 0 1 18 1 1 2 121
Derivation of the Series 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 34
Development of Monetary Policy 0 0 1 106 0 1 3 182
Division of Change in Income between Prices and Output 0 0 2 41 1 1 3 100
Do Currency Boards Have a Future? 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4
Epilogue: Foreign-Exchange-Market Operations in the Twenty-First Century 0 0 2 5 0 0 5 35
Estimates for the Period Before 1867 0 0 1 18 1 2 3 73
Estimates for the Period Since 1867 1 1 2 27 3 3 4 90
Exchange Market Policy in the United States: Precedents and Antecedents 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8
Factors Accounting for Changes in the Stock of Money 0 0 1 104 0 1 3 204
From Gibson to Fisher 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 104
Front matter, Strained Relations: US Foreign-Exchange Operations and Monetary Policy in the Twentieth Century 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 42
General Features of Our Estimates 1 1 2 9 1 1 2 45
Glossary, Sources, Indexes 0 0 1 34 0 1 2 90
Gross Dividend and Interest Payments by Corporations at Selected Dates in the 19th Century 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 37
Has Government Any Role in Money? 0 1 3 282 2 3 12 706
Has the Growth of Money Substitutes Hindered Monetary Policy? 0 0 1 14 0 0 1 53
How Feasible Is a Flexible Monetary Policy? 0 0 1 19 0 0 1 110
II. The Mark III International Transmission Model 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
III. Capital Flows, Sterilization, Monetary Policy, and Exchange Intervention 0 0 0 7 1 1 3 26
IV. International Price Movements 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
International Character of the Contraction 0 0 1 70 1 1 3 150
Introducing the Exchange Stabilization Fund, 1934–1961 0 0 0 3 0 1 2 10
Introduction to "A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931" 0 1 7 97 0 2 9 215
Introduction to "Monetary Statistics of the United States: Estimates, Sources, Methods" 0 0 2 111 0 2 5 255
Introduction to "The Great Contraction, 1929–33" 0 3 8 342 1 6 13 582
Lessons from the Evolution of US Monetary and Intervention Policies 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 10
Lessons of the Gold Standard Era and the Bretton Woods System for the Prospects of an International Monetary System Constitution 0 0 1 39 1 2 4 149
Library Policies for Research in Monetary Economics 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3
Long Swings in Growth Rates 0 0 1 29 0 0 1 81
Monetary Influences on Nominal Income 1 1 2 43 1 1 2 112
Monetary policy regimes and economic performance: The historical record 4 7 20 569 10 21 73 2,000
Money and Business Cycles 0 0 2 257 0 1 7 705
Money and Business Cycles 0 1 6 43 1 3 10 153
Money and Interest Rates 0 0 2 91 0 0 2 165
Money versus Credit Rationing: Evidence for the National Banking Era, 1880-1914 0 0 0 17 0 1 1 79
Movements of Money, Income, and Prices 0 0 1 71 0 1 2 141
New Deal Changes in the Banking Structure and Monetary Standard 0 0 1 31 0 1 2 114
Notes, References, Index 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8
On the Evolution of US Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention: Thesis, Theory, and Institutions 0 0 0 3 0 1 4 43
Part One: Definition of Money, Introduction 0 0 4 83 0 0 6 221
Part Three: Derivation of Our Estimates, Introduction 1 1 2 13 1 1 2 51
Part Two: Earlier Estimates, Introduction 0 0 1 13 0 0 1 70
Principal Empirical Findings 1 1 2 75 2 2 4 159
Prior Usage 0 0 1 25 0 0 1 124
Real and Pseudo-Financial Crises 0 1 6 279 1 2 11 582
References 0 0 1 23 1 1 5 76
References 0 0 1 5 0 0 3 38
Reflections on the Gold Commission Report 0 0 1 29 0 0 1 102
Scope of the Study 0 0 1 30 0 0 6 218
Secular Price Change in Historical Perspective 0 0 2 37 1 1 4 124
Significance of Fluctuations in Currency Holdings 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 43
Sources and Accuracy of Basic Data 1 1 2 19 1 2 4 85
The Basic Data 0 0 1 50 0 0 2 109
The Beginning of Competitive Banking in Philadelphia, 1782–1809 0 2 4 37 0 4 6 134
The Course of Money, Income, Prices, Velocity, and Interest Rates 0 1 3 182 0 1 5 294
The ECU — An Imaginary or Embryonic Form of Money: What Can We Learn from History? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
The General Statistical Framework 0 0 1 30 1 1 2 88
The General Theoretical Framework 0 0 1 60 0 0 1 175
The Importance of Stable Money: Theory and Evidence 0 0 1 14 0 0 2 72
The Postwar Institutional Evolution of the International Monetary System 0 0 0 13 0 0 2 56
The Postwar Institutional Evolution of the International Monetary System 0 0 1 7 0 0 2 54
The Role of Money 0 0 5 112 0 1 12 266
US Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan Era, 1981–1997 0 0 1 4 1 1 3 11
US Intervention and the Early Dollar Float, 1973–1981 0 0 1 3 0 0 4 21
US Intervention during the Bretton Woods Era, 1962–1973 0 0 0 4 0 1 3 24
Understanding 1929–1933 0 0 2 56 1 1 3 109
United States Government Balances 0 0 1 12 0 0 1 74
Velocity and the Demand for Money 0 0 2 85 0 0 3 237
Velocity and the Interrelations between the United States and the United Kingdom 0 0 1 27 0 1 3 84
Why Money Matters 0 0 1 25 0 0 1 83
Why Was Monetary Policy So Inept? 0 0 1 119 1 2 4 219
World War II Inflation, September 1939–August 1948 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 184
Total Chapters 13 26 154 4,586 43 93 355 13,257

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Statistics updated 2025-03-03