Access Statistics for Mikolaj Czajkowski

Author contact details at EconPapers.

Working Paper File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A Monte Carlo investigation of the effects of spatial heterogeneity of preferences for discrete choice models 0 0 1 41 0 1 5 145
A New Baseline Model for Estimating Willingness to Pay from Discrete Choice Models 0 3 5 283 4 11 33 863
Addressing empirical challenges related to the incentive compatibility of stated preference methods 0 0 0 22 4 7 13 106
Anomalies or Expected Behaviors? Understanding Stated Preferences and Welfare Implications in Light of Contemporary Behavioral Theory 1 3 16 117 2 11 37 197
Are Bilateral Conservation Policies for the Białowieża Forest Unattainable? Analysis of Stated Preferences of Polish and Belarusian Public 0 0 0 18 6 7 12 79
Are Transboundary Nature Protected Areas International Public Goods and Why People Think They Are (Not)? Hybrid Modelling Evidence from the EU Outer Borders 0 1 1 13 0 1 7 42
Are preferences stated in web vs. personal interviews different? A comparison of willingness to pay results for a large multi-country study of the Baltic Sea eutrophication reduction 0 0 1 10 3 4 12 41
Assessing the Substitutability of Mobile and Fixed Internet: The Impact of 5G Services on Consumer Valuation and Price Elasticity 0 2 4 14 7 15 41 61
Benefits of meeting the Baltic Sea nutrient reduction targets - Combining ecological modelling and contingent valuation in the nine littoral states 0 0 1 35 2 2 8 183
Breaking New Ground in Heritage Valuation: A Comprehensive Use of Discrete Choice Experiments 3 6 57 57 8 19 96 96
Choice experiment assessment of public preferences for forest structural attributes 0 0 0 23 5 10 13 96
Choosing the future: economic preferences for higher education using discrete choice experiment method 0 0 0 114 15 22 34 348
Controlling for the effects of information in a public goods discrete choice model 0 0 1 16 1 2 11 77
Disentangling impacts of payment and provision consequentiality and risk attitudes on stated preferences 0 0 0 20 0 3 7 37
Disentangling the effects of policy and payment consequentiality and risk attitudes on stated preferences 0 0 0 49 2 3 14 139
Does the number of discrete choice alternatives matter for respondents’ stated preferences? The case of tap water quality improvements 0 0 1 84 3 5 10 151
Drivers of farmers’ willingness to adopt extensive farming practices in a globally important bird area 0 0 0 58 5 13 22 164
Economic valuation of ecosystem services provided by the Wilanów Park: A benefit transfer study 0 0 0 36 0 0 5 89
Effects of Experience, Knowledge and Signals on Willingness to Pay for a Public Good 0 0 1 58 2 4 19 158
Effects of Experience, Knowledge and Signals on Willingness to Pay for a Public Good 0 0 0 50 4 5 9 107
Energy demand management and social norms – the case study in Poland 0 0 2 31 4 7 20 102
Environmental attitudes and place identity as simultaneous determinants of preferences for environmental goods 0 0 2 93 2 2 9 249
Estimating call externalities in mobile telephony 0 0 0 36 4 8 14 66
Estimating environmental damages of a tailings dam failure: The case of the Fundão Dam in Brazil 1 1 3 70 5 8 15 106
Estimation of switching costs and network effects in mobile telecommunications in Poland 0 0 0 63 5 6 11 160
Ex-ante and ex-post measures to mitigate hypothetical bias. Are they alternative or complementary tools to increase the reliability and validity of DCE estimates? 0 0 2 46 12 15 48 297
Farmers' risk preferences in eleven European farming systems: A multi-country replication of Bocquého et al. (2014) 0 0 0 24 2 2 10 64
Gain and loss of money in a choice experiment. The impact of financial loss aversion and risk preferences on willingness to pay to avoid renewable energy extarnalities 0 0 1 56 2 3 12 139
How Well Can Experts Predict Farmers' Choices in Risky Gambles? 0 0 0 0 4 7 9 10
How Well Can Experts Predict Farmers' Risk Preferences ? 0 0 0 0 2 2 12 13
How Well Can Experts Predict Farmers' Risk Preferences ? 0 0 0 9 6 6 12 21
How Well Can Experts Predict Farmers’ Choices in Risky Gambles? 0 0 0 47 2 2 7 117
How to 'Sell' an Environmental Good: Using Labels to Investigate Scope Effects 0 0 0 12 0 1 7 86
How to ‘Sell’ an Environmental Good: Using Labels to Investigate Scope Effects 0 0 0 9 2 6 15 98
How well can experts predict farmers’ risk preferences? 0 0 0 14 1 3 8 35
Hybrid choice models vs. endogeneity of indicator variables: a Monte Carlo investigation 0 0 2 86 3 5 16 209
Increasing the cost-effectiveness of water quality improvements through pollution abatement target-setting at different spatial scales 0 0 0 24 0 3 4 99
Individual preference for the alternative fuel vehicles and their attributes in Poland 0 0 1 76 5 9 21 292
Information and Learning in Stated-Preference Studies 0 0 0 49 1 3 8 94
Is Forest Landscape Restoration Socially Desirable? A Discrete Choice Experiment Applied to the Scandinavian Transboundary Fulufjället National Park Area 0 0 0 32 4 6 10 75
Is the income elasticity of the willingness to pay for pollution control constant? 0 0 0 38 3 7 11 137
Is the income elasticity of the willingness to pay for pollution control constant? 1 1 1 82 3 5 16 306
Learning and Fatigue Effects Revisited. The Impact of Accounting for Unobservable Preference and Scale Heterogeneity on Perceived Ordering Effects in Multiple Choice Task Discrete Choice Experiments 0 0 0 62 1 4 9 308
Linking perceived choice complexity with scale heterogeneity in discrete choice experiments: home heating in Finland 0 0 0 64 2 3 13 99
Linking perceived choice complexity with scale heterogeneity in discrete choice experiments: home heating in Finland 0 0 1 49 1 3 11 128
Marine Trade-Offs: Comparing the Benefits of Off-Shore Wind Farms and Marine Protected Areas 0 0 0 37 1 2 10 104
Marine trade-offs: comparing the benefits of off-shore wind farms and marine protected areas 0 0 0 8 3 3 11 110
Marine trade-offs: comparing the benefits of off-shore wind farms and marine protected areas 0 0 0 23 7 9 11 118
Measuring Network Effects in Mobile Telecommunications Markets with Stated‐Preference Valuation Methods 0 0 0 104 2 4 17 664
More random or more deterministic choices? The effects of information on preferences for biodiversity conservation 0 0 0 22 0 1 6 80
More random or more deterministic choices? The effects of information on preferences for biodiversity conservation 0 0 0 21 0 0 7 63
Municipal Wastewater Treatment in Poland – Efficiency, Costs and Returns to Scale 0 0 0 79 1 3 14 326
On the inference about willingness to pay distribution using contingent valuation data 0 1 3 30 5 9 32 79
Performance of different approaches in international benefit transfer: Insights from a nine country experiment 0 0 0 15 2 3 8 73
Personality and Economic Choices 0 0 0 74 1 2 11 133
Personality and Economic Choices 0 0 0 119 1 6 18 169
Predicting uptake of a malignant catarrhal fever vaccine by pastoralists in northern Tanzania: opportunities for improving livelihoods and ecosystem health 0 0 0 25 0 0 8 141
Providing Preference-Based Support for Forest Ecosystem Service Management in Poland 0 0 0 43 1 1 2 125
Public Acceptability of Climate Change Mitigation Policies: A Discrete Choice Experiment 0 0 2 61 1 3 13 179
Publicly funded cultural institutions – a comparative economic valuation study 0 0 3 33 4 7 22 122
Publicly funded cultural institutions. A comparative economic valuation study 0 0 3 47 3 11 30 167
Re-examining empirical evidence on contingent valuation – Importance of incentive compatibility 0 0 1 50 3 5 12 138
Recreational Value of the Baltic Sea: a Spatially Explicit Site Choice Model Accounting for Environmental Conditions 0 0 0 68 1 1 9 217
Role of information in the valuation of unfamiliar goods – the case of genetic resources in agriculture 0 0 0 7 2 2 6 34
Role of information in the valuation of unfamiliar goods—the case of genetic resources in agriculture 0 0 0 31 1 3 9 115
Simulation error in maximum likelihood estimation of discrete choice models 0 0 1 69 4 7 23 145
Social Norms and Pro-Environment Behaviours: Heterogeneous Response to Signals 0 0 0 45 0 1 7 161
Social norms and pro-environment behaviours: heterogeneous response to signals 0 0 0 83 2 3 14 223
Social norms, Morals and Self-interest as Determinants of Pro-environment Behaviours 0 0 0 36 2 3 10 173
Social norms, morals and self-interest as determinants of pro-environment behaviour 0 0 0 53 0 2 6 78
Social norms, morals and self-interest as determinants of pro-environment behaviour 0 0 0 47 3 5 11 112
Social norms, morals and self-interest as determinants of pro-environment behaviour 1 1 1 94 1 1 11 233
Spatial heterogeneity of willingness to pay for forest management 0 0 0 42 2 4 7 136
Spatial heterogeneity of willingness to pay for forest management 0 0 0 25 4 6 11 87
Stated Preference Valuation Methods: An Evolving Tool for Understanding Choices and Informing Policy 0 1 2 102 3 4 21 294
Stated Preference valuation methods: an evolving tool for understanding choices and informing policy 0 0 2 69 5 7 13 170
Stated Preferences for Conservation Policies under Uncertainty: Insights on Individuals’ Risk Attitudes in the Environmental Domain 0 0 1 52 3 6 20 126
Stated Preferences for Conservation Policies under Uncertainty: Insights on Individuals’ Risk Attitudes in the Environmental Domain 0 0 0 42 3 3 8 57
Strategic use of external benefits for entry deterrence: the case of a mobile telephony market 0 1 1 56 2 3 9 61
Study on Benefit Transfer in an International Setting. How to Improve Welfare Estimates in the Case of the Countries' Income Heterogeneity? 0 0 0 41 2 7 15 180
Switching Costs and Network Effects – How Much Do they Really Matter in Mobile Telecommunications? 0 0 0 97 3 9 22 185
The Effects of Emotions on Preferences and Choices for Public Goods 0 0 0 87 3 8 18 146
The Effects of Emotions on Stated Preferences for Environmental Change: a re-examination 0 0 0 16 3 4 14 24
The Effects of Emotions on Stated Preferences for Environmental Change: a re-examination 0 0 2 9 5 8 20 36
The Effects of Experience on Preference Uncertainty: Theory and Empirics for Public and Quasi-Public Environmental Goods 0 0 0 30 1 2 8 61
The Effects of Experience on Preference Uncertainty: Theory and Empirics for Public and Quasi-Public Environmental Goods 0 0 0 26 1 1 10 70
The Effects of Experience on Preference Uncertainty: Theory and Empirics for Public and Quasi-Public Goods 0 0 0 9 0 1 5 89
The Effects of Experience on Preference Uncertainty: Theory and Empirics for Public and Quasi-Public Goods 0 0 0 38 4 5 15 137
The Effects of Experience on Preferences: Theory and Empirics for Environmental Public Goods 0 0 0 35 1 1 11 111
The Individual Travel Cost Method with Consumer-Specific Values of Travel Time Savings 0 0 0 40 4 7 22 243
The Value of Familiarity: Effects of Experience, Knowledge and Signals on Willingness to Pay for a Public Good 0 0 0 41 3 4 11 121
The economic value of a White Stork nesting colony: a case of ‘stork village’ in Poland 0 0 0 31 1 1 4 166
The effects of emotions on preferences and choices for public goods 0 0 0 152 2 7 19 125
The effects of emotions on preferences and choices for public goods 0 0 1 60 0 3 10 95
The effects of experience on preference uncertainty: theory and empirics for environmental goods 0 0 0 29 3 5 11 89
Trade-offs in the transition to a blue economy - Mapping social acceptance of aquaculture expansion in Norway 1 1 2 58 1 2 10 38
Understanding the distribution of economic benefits from improving coastal and marine ecosystems 0 0 0 28 4 5 18 94
Understanding the distribution of economic benefits from improving coastal and marine ecosystems 0 0 0 41 4 6 10 101
Unraveling local preferences and willingness to pay for different management scenarios: A choice experiment to Biosphere Reserve management 0 0 1 59 3 5 24 175
Use and non-use values in an applied bioeconomic model of fisheries and habitat connections 0 0 0 103 2 3 7 128
Using geographically weighted choice models to account for spatial heterogeneity of preferences 0 0 0 54 0 1 11 103
Utilizing the Discrete Choice Experiment Approach for Designing a Socially Efficient Cultural Policy: The case of municipal theaters in Warsaw 0 0 0 35 3 4 10 66
Valuing Changes in Forest Biodiversity 0 0 0 72 3 4 13 194
Valuing Changes in Forest Biodiversity 0 0 0 38 2 2 10 209
Valuing externalities of outdoor advertising in an urban setting – the case of Warsaw 0 0 4 61 2 3 14 149
Valuing tap water quality improvements using stated preference methods. Does the number of discrete choice options matter? 0 0 0 19 2 3 11 49
Valuing the benefits of improved marine environmental quality under multiple stressors 0 0 0 27 2 2 8 74
We want to sort! - assessing households' preferences for sorting waste 0 0 0 53 2 3 3 227
We want to sort! – assessing households’ preferences for sorting waste 0 0 0 32 0 0 5 136
What is the Causal Effect of Information and Learning about a Public Good on Willingness to Pay? 0 0 0 27 2 2 19 65
What is the Causal Effect of Information and Learning about a Public Good on Willingness to Pay? 0 0 0 55 2 3 12 67
What is the Causal Effect of Knowledge on Preferences? 0 0 0 33 0 2 12 79
What is the Causal Effect of Knowledge on Preferences? 0 0 1 73 0 0 4 103
What is the Causal Impact of Knowledge on Preferences in Stated Preference Studies? 0 0 0 47 1 1 10 91
What is the Causal Impact of Knowledge on Preferences in Stated Preference Studies? 0 0 0 58 1 1 7 96
Who Can Predict Farmers' Choices in Risky Gambles? 0 0 0 13 1 1 9 12
Within- and between- sample tests of preference stability and willingness to pay for forest management 0 0 0 73 0 1 12 88
Within- and between- sample tests of preference stability and willingness to pay for forest management 0 0 1 65 1 4 12 96
“GMO – Doesn’t Have To Go!” – Consumers’ Preferences Towards Genetically Modified Products Labelling and Sale 0 0 0 68 1 3 13 59
Total Working Papers 8 22 136 5,835 297 535 1,642 16,079
2 registered items for which data could not be found

Journal Article File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A new baseline model for estimating willingness to pay from discrete choice models 0 0 6 42 2 4 25 172
Accounting for Spatial Heterogeneity of Preferences in Discrete Choice Models 0 1 1 28 1 3 8 88
Addressing empirical challenges related to the incentive compatibility of stated preferences methods 1 1 3 33 5 10 19 159
An economic valuation of access to cultural institutions: museums, theatres, and cinemas 0 1 3 17 4 6 26 77
Anomalies or Expected Behaviors? Understanding Stated Preferences and Welfare Implications in Light of Contemporary Behavioral Economics 0 0 2 2 2 3 16 18
Assessing the substitutability of mobile and fixed internet: The impact of 5G services on consumer valuation and price elasticity 0 0 4 4 1 6 24 29
Attitudinal drivers of home bias in public preferences for transboundary nature protected areas 0 0 0 1 4 4 7 12
Benefits of meeting nutrient reduction targets for the Baltic Sea - a contingent valuation study in the nine coastal states 1 1 1 32 5 5 19 98
Between farms and forks: Food industry perspectives on the future of EU food labelling 2 3 3 5 3 4 12 15
Choice experiment assessment of public preferences for forest structural attributes 0 0 3 24 3 4 13 123
Choosing a Functional Form for an International Benefit Transfer: Evidence from a Nine-country Valuation Experiment 0 0 0 19 2 4 13 101
Choosing the Future: Economic Preferences for Higher Education Using Discrete Choice Experiment Method 0 0 1 13 5 9 26 86
Controlling for the Effects of Information in a Public Goods Discrete Choice Model 0 0 0 8 0 2 12 73
Disentangling the effects of policy and payment consequentiality and risk attitudes on stated preferences 0 0 1 20 7 9 21 132
Drivers of farmers’ willingness to adopt extensive farming practices in a globally important bird area 0 0 1 5 4 10 27 61
Economic values of species management options in human-wildlife conflicts: Hen Harriers in Scotland 0 0 0 9 0 0 8 85
Editorial: Special Edition of the Central European Economic Journal to Mark the 70th Birthday of Prof. Tomasz Żylicz 0 0 0 1 0 3 8 14
Endogeneity and Measurement Bias of the Indicator Variables in Hybrid Choice Models: A Monte Carlo Investigation 0 0 2 3 5 7 18 25
Energy Demand Management and Social Norms 0 0 0 1 1 3 9 33
Environmental attitudes and place identity as determinants of preferences for ecosystem services 0 0 1 19 1 4 17 86
Estimating environmental and cultural/heritage damages of a tailings dam failure: The case of the Fundão dam in Brazil 0 0 4 10 4 8 21 39
Farmers' risk preferences in 11 European farming systems: A multi‐country replication of Bocquého et al. () 0 0 0 2 2 2 3 13
Gain and loss of money in a choice experiment. The impact of financial loss aversion and risk preferences on willingness to pay to avoid renewable energy externalities 0 0 2 15 2 3 18 94
How much do switching costs and local network effects contribute to consumer lock-in in mobile telephony? 0 1 1 7 4 8 16 54
Including cost income ratio into utility function as a way of dealing with ‘exploding’ implicit prices in mixed logit models 0 0 2 26 6 8 19 132
Information Use and Its Effects on the Valuation of Agricultural Genetic Resources 0 0 2 4 2 2 6 16
Is the Income Elasticity of the Willingness to Pay for Pollution Control Constant? 1 1 2 14 5 11 20 106
Learning and Fatigue Effects Revisited: Investigating the Effects of Accounting for Unobservable Preference and Scale Heterogeneity 0 0 2 24 2 5 17 110
Marine trade-offs: Comparing the benefits of off-shore wind farms and marine protected areas 0 0 1 10 3 9 18 133
Measuring network effects in mobile telecommunications markets with stated-preference valuation methods 0 0 0 33 3 4 13 165
Multi‐country perspectives on best practices and barriers to preference elicitation lab‐in‐the‐field experiments with farmers 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 16
Network effects and preference heterogeneity in the case of mobile telecommunications markets 0 1 1 17 1 2 25 152
On the inference about a willingness-to-pay distribution using contingent valuation data 1 1 2 2 8 13 28 35
Personality and economic choices 0 0 0 11 4 8 14 85
Perspectives on stakeholder participation in the design of economic experiments for agricultural policymaking: Pros, cons, and twelve recommendations for researchers 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 19
Poker - a game of luck or skills. Review of theoretical and empirical studies and conclusions for law regulations 0 0 1 44 1 2 19 193
Predicting uptake of a malignant catarrhal fever vaccine by pastoralists in northern Tanzania: Opportunities for improving livelihoods and ecosystem health 0 0 1 4 0 2 12 29
Preference and WTP stability for public forest management 0 0 2 17 0 3 13 88
Providing preference-based support for forest ecosystem service management 0 0 0 12 3 5 16 105
Public acceptability of climate change mitigation policies: a discrete choice experiment 0 0 3 22 2 7 23 82
Public preferences regarding use and condition of the Baltic Sea—An international comparison informing marine policy 0 0 0 5 1 2 15 60
Re-examining empirical evidence on stated preferences: importance of incentive compatibility 0 0 2 18 0 2 16 69
Receiver benefits and strategic use of call externalities in mobile telephony markets 0 0 0 1 2 4 12 48
Sad or Happy? The Effects of Emotions on Stated Preferences for Environmental Goods 0 0 0 6 4 6 16 69
Simulation error in maximum likelihood estimation of discrete choice models 1 2 6 33 12 21 40 160
Social norm nudging and preferences for household recycling 2 3 4 34 6 18 47 240
Spatial Heterogeneity of Willingness to Pay for Forest Management 0 1 1 5 3 5 19 82
Stated Preferences for Conservation Policies Under Uncertainty: Insights on the Effect of Individuals’ Risk Attitudes in the Environmental Domain 0 0 1 8 6 7 18 52
Study on benefit transfer in an international setting. How to improve welfare estimates in the case of the countries' income heterogeneity? 0 0 1 46 1 6 13 130
The Effects of Experience on Preferences: Theory and Empirics for Environmental Public Goods 0 0 0 12 0 3 12 100
The Individual Travel Cost Method with Consumer-Specific Values of Travel Time Savings 0 0 2 9 4 12 42 115
The Recreational Value of the Baltic Sea Coast: A Spatially Explicit Site Choice Model Accounting for Environmental Conditions 0 0 1 3 3 6 20 29
The Role of Stated Preference Valuation Methods in Understanding Choices and Informing Policy 2 3 9 89 6 12 33 243
The economic recreational value of a white stork nesting colony: A case of ‘stork village’ in Poland 0 0 0 8 1 5 12 50
The effects of emotions on stated preferences for environmental change: A re-examination 0 0 1 1 2 6 23 23
The relative performance of ex‐ante and ex‐post measures to mitigate hypothetical and strategic bias in a stated preference study 0 0 0 4 1 2 8 21
The value of familiarity: Effects of knowledge and objective signals on willingness to pay for a public good 0 1 3 34 1 3 22 189
Unraveling local preferences and willingness to pay for different management scenarios: A choice experiment to biosphere reserve management 0 0 1 4 3 4 12 36
Use and Non-Use Values in an Applied Bioeconomic Model of Fisheries and Habitat Connections 0 0 0 7 1 3 9 31
Using Geographically Weighted Choice Models to Account for the Spatial Heterogeneity of Preferences 0 0 0 3 4 6 16 47
Using Labels to Investigate Scope Effects in Stated Preference Methods 0 0 0 38 4 6 11 136
Using farmers' ex ante preferences to design agri‐environmental contracts: A systematic review 0 0 4 7 3 8 24 37
Valuing changes in forest biodiversity 0 0 0 69 3 4 10 233
Valuing externalities of outdoor advertising in an urban setting – the case of Warsaw 2 2 4 10 9 13 37 80
Volatile energy markets, consumers and energy price expectations 0 2 3 6 7 14 22 41
We want to sort! Assessing households’ preferences for sorting waste 0 0 0 25 0 0 5 123
What is the causal impact of information and knowledge in stated preference studies? 0 0 0 6 3 6 16 54
Willing or complying? The delicate interplay between voluntary and mandatory interventions to promote farmers' environmental behavior 0 0 1 1 3 7 15 19
Willingness to pay for unfamiliar public goods: Preserving cold-water coral in Norway 0 0 0 27 4 5 18 152
Total Journal Articles 13 25 102 1,079 204 398 1,221 5,822

Book File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
Environmental Valuation with Discrete Choice Experiments 0 0 0 0 3 12 33 79
Total Books 0 0 0 0 3 12 33 79

Chapter File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
Calculating Marginal and Non-marginal Welfare Measures 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 11
Collecting the Data 0 0 0 0 9 9 14 16
Developing the Questionnaire 0 0 0 0 3 4 8 25
Econometric Modelling: Basics 0 0 0 0 3 5 9 14
Econometric Modelling: Extensions 0 0 0 0 3 4 8 12
Experimental Design 0 0 0 0 3 6 11 25
Software 0 0 0 0 4 4 8 13
The discrete choice experiment approach to environmental contingent valuation 2 2 10 129 9 19 53 532
Theoretical Background 0 0 0 0 2 4 11 17
Validity and Reliability 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 27
Total Chapters 2 2 10 129 38 59 133 692

logo

LogEc Home

Top Working Papers
Top Journal Articles
Top Books
Top Chapters
Top Software Items

Top Authors

Top Working Paper series and Journals

About LogEc

Authors with papers registered in the RePEc Author Service.

Register yourself as an author or register more papers in the RePEc Author Service.

Authors with no registered papers

RePEc
LogEc provides access and usage statistics for services based on the RePEc data set.

Örebro UniversityLogEc is hosted by the Örebro University School of Business.

Questions or comments? Please see our explanation of how the statistics are collected or e-mail

Since October 2025, abstract view statistics are potentially heavily influenced by traffic from AI bots and tools that we could not eliminate despite our best efforts.

Statistics updated 2026-05-06