Access Statistics for Michael Kremer

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Working Paper File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A Biological Model of Unions 0 0 0 97 0 0 1 438
Advance Market Commitments for Vaccines Against Neglected Diseases: Estimating Costs and Effectiveness 0 0 0 13 1 2 5 93
Advance Market Commitments: Insights from Theory and Experience 0 0 1 30 1 3 9 119
Advanced Purchase Commitments for a Malaria Vaccine: Estimating Costs and Effectiveness 0 0 0 56 0 1 4 317
Blue Spoons: Sparking Communication About Appropriate Technology Use 0 0 2 8 2 4 12 48
Borrowing Requirements, Credit Access, and Adverse Selection: Evidence from Kenya 0 1 2 27 1 3 8 139
Borrowing Requirements, Credit Access, and Adverse Selection: Evidence from Kenya 0 0 0 30 1 1 3 70
Breaking Gender Barriers 0 0 0 8 0 0 3 36
Can Having Fewer Partners Increase Prevalence of Aids? 0 0 0 107 0 1 2 981
Converging to Convergence 0 1 6 107 4 7 22 174
Cost-Effective Prevention of Diarrheal Diseases: A Critical Review 0 0 0 99 0 1 6 461
Could Vaccine Dose Stretching Reduce COVID-19 Deaths? 0 0 0 10 2 2 2 41
Creating Markets for New Vaccines Part I: Rationale 0 0 0 223 1 2 8 847
Creating Markets for New Vaccines Part II: Design Issues 0 0 0 147 1 1 1 620
Decentralization: A cautionary tale 1 1 6 52 2 4 14 234
Designing Advance Market Commitments for New Vaccines 2 2 3 36 15 16 21 115
Designing Advance Market Commitments for New Vaccines 0 0 0 6 0 0 2 29
Digital Information Provision and Behavior Change: Lessons from Six Experiments in East Africa 0 1 5 17 1 23 36 59
Disorganization 0 0 1 475 1 2 6 1,206
Disorganization 0 0 0 0 2 2 5 1,161
Does Favorable Tax-Treatment of Housing Reduce Equipment Investment? 0 0 0 43 0 0 2 278
Does Mass Deworming Affect Child Nutrition? Meta-analysis, Cost-Effectiveness, and Statistical Power 0 0 0 56 2 4 6 99
Economic Transformation, Population Growth and the Long-Run World Income Distribution 0 0 0 218 1 6 8 977
Education and HIV/AIDS prevention: evidence from a randomized evaluation in Western Kenya 0 0 0 507 8 9 26 1,610
Education and hiv/aids prevention: Evidence from a randomized evaluation in western kenya 0 1 1 52 2 4 5 181
Education as Liberation? 0 0 0 134 1 3 7 966
Education, HIV, and Early Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Kenya 0 1 2 186 8 10 17 361
Education, HIV, and Early Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Kenya 0 0 3 75 8 9 14 193
Elephants 0 0 0 0 4 4 8 1,126
Elephants 0 0 1 169 0 1 6 1,340
Empathy or antipathy? The impact of diversity 0 0 0 23 2 3 7 196
Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering 0 0 1 7 2 2 6 102
Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering 0 0 1 9 6 10 29 83
Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam’s Global Gathering 0 0 0 83 4 6 10 348
Expanding Capacity for Vaccines Against Covid-19 and Future Pandemics: A Review of Economic Issues 0 0 0 10 1 2 7 34
Experimentation, Innovation, and Economics 2 3 8 430 2 3 16 635
Globalization and International Public Finance 0 0 0 334 2 6 8 1,301
Good Policy or Good Luck? Country Growth Performance and Temporary Shocks 0 0 2 1,610 1 1 10 4,029
Guns, Latrines, and Land Reform: Private Expectations and Public Policy 0 0 0 24 1 2 2 65
How Much Does Sorting Increase Inequality? 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 864
How Much Does Sorting Increase Inequality? 0 0 0 204 3 5 9 1,361
Incentives in Markets, Firms and Governments 0 0 0 333 2 3 8 1,331
Incentives to Learn 0 0 0 3 2 5 12 44
Incentives to Learn 0 1 1 180 0 1 4 855
Incentives to learn 0 0 0 19 1 1 1 189
Incentives to learn 0 0 1 164 2 2 4 555
Income-distribution Dynamics with Endogenous Fertility 0 0 0 290 1 2 2 1,041
Integrating Behavioral Choice into Epidemiological Models of the AIDS Epidemic 1 1 1 222 3 5 6 810
Intergenerational Child Mortality Impacts of Deworming: Experimental Evidence from Two Decades of the Kenya Life Panel Survey 0 0 0 31 0 0 1 32
Lessons from Randomized Evaluations in Education and Health 0 0 0 3 1 1 2 25
Long-Term Consequences of Secondary School Vouchers: Evidence from Administrative Records in Colombia 0 0 2 212 1 2 13 950
Long-term consequences of secondary school vouchers: Evidence from administrative records in colombia 0 0 0 23 1 2 5 133
Many Children Left Behind? Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya 0 0 0 7 3 4 5 53
Many Children Left Behind? Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya 0 1 1 442 11 15 18 1,843
Meta-Analysis and Public Policy: Reconciling the Evidence on Deworming 0 0 0 75 1 5 6 117
Mosquitoes: The Long-TermEffects of Malaria Eradication in India 0 0 0 59 2 3 3 267
Mosquitoes: The Long-term Effects of Malaria Eradication in India 0 0 0 201 1 3 5 2,022
Networks, social learning, and technology adoption: The case of deworming drugs in kenya 0 0 6 67 0 6 19 306
Nudging Farmers to Use Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya 1 2 4 187 1 8 22 599
Nudging Farmers to Utilize Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya 2 2 2 86 4 6 7 291
Odious Debt 0 0 0 184 1 3 3 971
Optimal Subsidies for Prevention of Infectious Disease 0 0 1 5 0 1 3 30
Optimal Vaccine Subsidies for Endemic and Epidemic Diseases 0 0 0 19 3 3 3 62
Optimal Vaccine Subsidies for Endemic and Epidemic Diseases 0 0 0 17 0 2 5 35
Outside Funding of Community Organizations: Benefiting or Displacing the Poor? 0 0 0 95 0 2 4 451
Patent Buy-Outs: A Mechanism for Encouraging Innovation 0 1 1 321 2 4 7 1,683
Peer Effects and Alcohol Use Among College Students 0 0 0 563 0 3 5 4,333
Peer Effects and Alcohol Use Among College Students 0 0 1 13 1 3 10 67
Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya 0 1 1 271 3 10 20 1,076
Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya 1 3 4 98 2 5 16 495
Peer effects and alcohol use among college students 0 0 1 28 1 4 8 196
Preparing for a Pandemic: Accelerating Vaccine Availability 0 0 0 11 1 1 6 83
Preparing for a Pandemic: Accelerating Vaccine Availability 0 0 0 26 0 1 4 80
Preventives Versus Treatments 0 0 0 32 3 3 6 148
Preventives Versus Treatments Redux: Tighter Bounds on Distortions in Innovation Incentives with an Application to the Global D 0 0 1 15 0 0 1 49
Preventives Versus Treatments Redux: Tighter Bounds on Distortions in Innovation Incentives with an Application to the Global Demand for HIV Pharmaceuticals 0 0 0 45 2 2 4 93
Protecting Antiquities: A Role for Long-Term Leases? 0 0 0 32 3 3 6 60
Retrospective vs. Prospective Analyses of School Inputs: The Case of Flip Charts in Kenya 0 0 0 250 1 2 4 1,402
Retrospective vs. prospective analyses of school inputs: The case of flip charts in kenya 0 1 2 43 1 4 9 200
School Governance, Teacher Incentives, and Pupil-Teacher Ratios: Experimental Evidence from Kenyan Primary Schools 0 0 1 169 1 2 7 574
School Vouchers, Labor Markets and Vocational Education 1 4 17 330 4 8 33 678
School Vouchers, Labor Markets and Vocational Education 1 2 5 64 7 10 35 240
Schools meals, educational achievement and school competition: evidence from a randomized evaluation 0 0 6 370 2 4 22 1,020
Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes in Developing Countries 0 1 2 175 0 3 17 439
Searching for Prosperity 0 0 0 181 2 3 7 806
Should the WHO withdraw support for mass deworming? 0 0 0 1 1 1 8 12
Spring Cleaning: Rural Water Impacts, Valuation and Property Rights Institutions 0 1 3 74 1 4 11 441
Teacher Incentives 0 0 0 438 3 6 13 2,986
Teacher incentives 0 0 1 39 4 4 8 234
Testing Fractional doses of COVID-19 Vaccines 0 0 0 7 1 2 5 42
Textbooks and test scores: Evidence from a prospective evaluation in kenya 3 4 10 169 6 10 47 598
The Case for Mass Treatment of Intestinal Helminths in Endemic Areas 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7
The Endowment Effect and Collateralized Loans 0 0 0 12 3 4 8 42
The Illusion of Sustainability 0 0 0 1 3 4 8 100
The Illusion of Sustainability 0 0 0 65 2 4 11 402
The Illusion of Sustainability 1 1 1 144 2 4 10 638
The Impact of Free Secondary Education: Experimental Evidence from Ghana 1 4 13 125 3 15 58 360
The Long-Term Distributional Impacts of a Full-Year Interleaving Math Program in Nigeria 0 0 0 5 2 2 9 23
The illusion of sustainability 0 0 0 14 0 2 6 244
The rockefeller effect 0 0 1 23 1 2 8 243
Twenty Year Economic Impacts of Deworming 0 0 1 21 3 4 8 91
Twenty-year economic impacts of deworming 0 0 1 37 0 0 7 36
Using RCTs to Estimate Long-Run Impacts in Development Economics 0 0 1 44 0 1 8 103
Using RCTs to Estimate Long-Run Impacts in Development Economics 0 0 0 3 0 0 4 15
Using RCTs to Estimate Long-Run Impacts in Development Economics 0 0 0 58 0 0 2 171
Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit 1 3 8 109 3 7 22 237
Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit 1 3 8 821 3 8 22 1,616
Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit 2 7 23 914 6 20 61 1,919
Vaccines vs. Preventives 0 0 0 10 1 2 3 62
Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment 0 0 1 391 4 4 13 1,851
Vouchers for private schooling in colombia: Evidence from a randomized natural experiment 0 0 1 73 3 3 8 337
Wage Inequality and Segregation 0 0 0 1 2 2 4 1,035
Wage Inequality and Segregation by Skill 0 0 0 811 0 0 0 2,509
Wage Inequality and Segregation by Skill 0 0 0 0 2 7 12 1,680
Water Treatment And Child Mortality: A Meta-Analysis And Cost-effectiveness Analysis 0 0 0 109 0 3 4 36
Water Treatment and Child Mortality: Evidence from Kenya 0 0 0 17 2 4 17 67
Water and Human Well Being: An Executive Session on Grand Challenges of the Sustainability Transition 0 0 0 6 0 1 3 44
What Works in Fighting Diarrheal Diseases in Developing Countries? A Critical Review 0 0 0 89 0 1 3 425
What Works in Fighting Diarrheal Diseases in Developing Countries? A Critical Review 0 0 0 6 2 2 5 68
When Is Prevention More Profitable than Cure? The Impact of Time-Varying Consumer Heterogeneity 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 30
When Is Prevention More Profitable than Cure? The Impact of Time-Varying Consumer Heterogeneity 0 0 0 21 1 1 2 101
When Should Governments Subsidize Health? The Case of Mass Deworming 0 0 0 61 2 2 4 177
When Should Governments Subsidize Health? The Case of Mass Deworming 0 0 0 39 1 3 3 50
When is Prevention More Profitable than Cure? 0 0 0 0 1 2 7 9
When is Prevention More Profitable than Cure? 0 0 0 6 1 1 3 60
Why Are Drugs More Profitable Than Vaccines? 0 0 0 129 0 2 6 480
Why are Worker Cooperatives So Rare? 0 0 2 395 3 6 18 1,783
Why is There No AIDS Vaccine? 0 0 0 8 0 2 7 77
Worms at Work: Long-run Impacts of a Child Health Investment 0 0 0 65 2 5 10 206
Worms at work: Long-run impacts of a child health investment 0 1 2 84 2 8 14 81
Worms at work: Long-run impacts of a child health investment 0 0 1 4 0 1 6 28
Worms: Education and Health Externalities in Kenya 0 0 1 279 1 2 7 1,532
Worms: Education and health externalities in kenya 0 0 1 14 1 2 6 138
Worms: Identifying Impacts on Education and Health in the Presence of Treatment Externalities, Data User's Guide 0 0 1 4 0 0 3 39
Worst-Case Bounds on R&D and Pricing Distortions: Theory and Disturbing Conclusions if Consumer Values Follow the World Income 0 0 0 6 3 3 6 44
Worst-Case Bounds on R&D and Pricing Distortions: Theory with an Application Assuming Consumer Values Follow the World Income Distribution 0 0 0 21 0 0 1 49
Young Workers, Old Workers, and Convergence 0 0 0 92 0 0 3 453
Total Working Papers 21 55 187 17,549 252 500 1,290 74,082


Journal Article File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
"Measuring Poverty": Discussion 0 0 0 29 0 0 2 123
A Biological Model of Unions 0 0 1 26 1 4 7 212
A teoria "anel em O" de desenvolvimento econômico 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 24
Advance Market Commitments: A Policy to Stimulate Investment in Vaccines for Neglected Diseases 0 0 2 142 4 5 9 472
Advance Market Commitments: Insights from Theory and Experience 0 0 1 24 2 3 7 98
Are Educational Vouchers Only Redistributive? 0 0 0 33 2 3 6 185
Behavioral Biases and Firm Behavior: Evidence from Kenyan Retail Shops 0 0 0 27 1 2 6 200
Creating Markets for Vaccines (Innovations Case Discussion: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative) 0 0 0 9 2 2 3 64
Deworming and Development: Asking the Right Questions, Asking the Questions Right 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 14
Disorganization 1 1 5 39 7 8 16 1,201
Does favorable tax-treatment of housing reduce non-housing investment? 0 0 0 15 0 1 4 64
Early-Life Malaria Exposure and Adult Outcomes: Evidence from Malaria Eradication in India 0 0 1 43 0 4 12 273
Economic and political effects on currency clustering dynamics 0 0 1 3 1 2 4 15
Economic transformation, population growth and the long-run world income distribution 0 0 0 95 1 2 6 575
Education as Liberation? 0 1 3 40 1 4 9 223
Education, HIV, and Early Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Kenya 0 1 3 110 3 5 23 464
Elephants 0 0 2 75 1 3 10 424
Elephants: Reply 0 0 0 16 0 0 2 117
Empathy or Antipathy? The Impact of Diversity 0 0 1 27 1 3 13 288
Encouraging Private Sector Research for Tropical Agriculture 0 0 3 34 1 2 9 137
Estimating the Impact of The Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering 2 2 3 61 4 8 27 424
Experimentation, Innovation, and Economics 2 2 11 189 8 13 35 515
Good policy or good luck?: Country growth performance and temporary shocks 1 1 3 1,046 3 10 39 3,050
Guns, Latrines, and Land Reform: Dynamic Pigouvian Taxation 0 0 0 18 0 0 4 186
How High Are Rates of Return to Fertilizer? Evidence from Field Experiments in Kenya 0 0 2 265 0 3 10 779
How Much does Sorting Increase Inequality? 0 0 3 30 3 4 11 854
Improving Education in the Developing World: What Have We Learned from Randomized Evaluations? 0 0 2 87 1 1 11 272
Incentives to Learn 3 8 25 313 9 31 89 1,170
Incentivizing Innovation: Adding to the Tool Kit 0 0 1 14 2 2 5 105
Income Distribution Dynamics with Endogenous Fertility 0 0 0 103 1 2 6 477
Income-Distribution Dynamics with Endogenous Fertility 0 0 1 81 1 2 6 300
Integrating Behavioral Choice into Epidemiological Models of AIDS 0 0 0 154 2 2 7 439
Long-Term Educational Consequences of Secondary School Vouchers: Evidence from Administrative Records in Colombia 0 0 2 359 4 8 19 1,157
Many Children Left Behind? Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya 1 2 3 248 8 14 27 924
Missing in Action: Teacher and Health Worker Absence in Developing Countries 0 0 0 345 11 16 22 1,953
Motivation matters: merit scholarships and student achievement 0 0 0 52 0 1 2 156
Nudging Farmers to Use Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya 2 4 8 467 7 12 37 1,622
Odious Debt 0 0 0 156 0 1 2 694
Outside Funding and the Dynamics of Participation in Community Associations 1 1 2 10 2 2 7 32
Paper by Carroll and Weil: A comment 0 0 0 35 0 0 2 124
Patent Buyouts: A Mechanism for Encouraging Innovation 3 4 12 328 8 15 44 1,495
Peer Effects and Alcohol Use among College Students 0 0 0 46 2 5 15 722
Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya 0 0 4 331 7 10 29 1,422
Pharmaceuticals and the Developing World 0 0 1 813 1 5 13 1,999
Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990 3 7 22 2,914 14 31 79 9,321
Preparing for a Pandemic: Accelerating Vaccine Availability 0 0 1 18 1 2 12 58
Preventives Versus Treatments 0 0 0 42 2 4 10 278
Preventives Versus Treatments Redux: Tighter Bounds on Distortions in Innovation Incentives with an Application to the Global Demand for HIV Pharmaceuticals 0 0 0 8 1 1 3 56
Providing Safe Water: Evidence from Randomized Evaluations 0 0 0 40 1 1 5 192
Randomized Evaluations of Educational Programs in Developing Countries: Some Lessons 0 0 4 611 0 3 10 1,350
Research on Schooling: What We Know and What We Don't: A Comment 0 0 0 2 0 2 4 454
Retrospective vs. prospective analyses of school inputs: the case of flip charts in Kenya 1 2 14 333 3 9 43 1,160
School governance, teacher incentives, and pupil–teacher ratios: Experimental evidence from Kenyan primary schools 1 4 13 87 6 13 54 467
Searching for prosperity 0 0 0 107 2 4 6 482
Self-Control and the Development of Work Arrangements 0 0 0 114 5 6 14 376
Self-Control at Work 3 6 8 184 14 20 37 668
Should the WHO withdraw support for mass deworming? 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 5
Spring Cleaning: Rural Water Impacts, Valuation, and Property Rights Institutions 0 1 2 86 5 6 15 487
Teacher Absence in India: A Snapshot 2 5 22 433 4 17 53 3,091
Teacher Incentives 1 1 3 144 1 6 14 632
The Case for Mass Treatment of Intestinal Helminths in Endemic Areas 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 8
The Economics of International Refugee Law 0 0 0 34 0 1 3 161
The Illusion of Sustainability 1 1 5 261 5 8 34 1,224
The New Role for the World Bank 0 0 1 40 0 3 9 185
The O-Ring Theory of Economic Development 3 8 32 3,156 14 29 107 11,767
Using Randomized Controlled Trials to Estimate Long-Run Impacts in Development Economics 0 0 0 12 1 3 7 43
Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment 0 0 2 448 9 12 34 1,699
When Should Governments Subsidize Health? The Case of Mass Deworming 0 0 0 17 0 1 4 109
Why Isn't Convergence Instantaneous? Young Workers, Old Workers, and Gradual Adjustment 0 0 0 75 1 1 3 307
Worms at Work: Long-run Impacts of a Child Health Investment 0 1 1 132 2 6 27 568
Worms: Identifying Impacts on Education and Health in the Presence of Treatment Externalities 2 5 24 1,673 7 27 91 5,741
Total Journal Articles 33 68 260 17,313 215 442 1,306 66,933
2 registered items for which data could not be found


Book File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
Regional Public Goods: From Theory to Practice 0 0 0 54 2 3 11 188
Total Books 0 0 0 54 2 3 11 188


Chapter File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
Contract Farming and Agricultural Productivity in Western Kenya 0 2 2 54 2 4 4 159
Converging to Convergence 0 0 0 36 3 9 41 329
Creating Markets for New Vaccines - Part I: Rationale 0 0 1 39 0 1 8 184
Creating Markets for New Vaccines - Part II: Design Issues 0 0 0 34 3 3 5 174
Improving Health in Developing Countries 1 2 23 543 7 10 45 1,156
Incentivizing Innovation: Adding to the Tool Kit 0 0 0 84 2 4 8 271
Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes in Developing Countries 1 2 16 1,365 13 19 70 4,723
Success in Entrepreneurship: Doing the Math 0 0 0 13 0 0 4 86
Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit 7 14 70 3,684 23 53 226 8,828
Total Chapters 9 20 112 5,852 53 103 411 15,910


Statistics updated 2025-12-06