Access Statistics for Anna Jacobson Schwartz

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Working Paper File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A brief empirical history of U.S. foreign-exchange intervention: 1973-1995 0 0 0 89 3 4 10 244
Asset Price Inflation and Monetary Policy 0 0 0 768 0 2 7 1,821
Bretton Woods and the U.S. decision to intervene in the foreign-exchange market, 1957-1962 0 0 0 63 2 4 9 182
Bretton Woods, swap lines, and the Federal Reserve’s return to intervention 0 0 0 100 1 3 9 184
Charles Goodhart's Contributions to the History of Monetary Institutions 0 0 1 469 4 6 19 2,203
Could Stable Money Have Averted The Great Contraction? 0 0 0 78 3 3 13 436
David Laidler on Monetarism 0 0 1 263 1 7 24 878
Epilogue: Foreign-Exchange-Market Operations in the Twenty-First Century 0 0 0 77 3 7 17 260
Epilogue: foreign-exchange-market operations in the twenty-first century 0 0 0 54 4 5 15 224
From Obscurity to Notoriety: A Biography of the Exchange Stabilization Fund 0 0 1 49 6 13 19 284
From the Exchange Stabilization Fund to the International Monetary Fund 0 0 0 153 3 9 26 739
IS-LM and Monetarism 0 0 0 625 6 7 19 2,175
Measuring Real Economic Effects of Bailouts: Historical Perspectives on How Countries in Financial Distress Have Fared With and Without Bailouts 0 0 1 319 0 0 12 1,150
Monetary Policy Regimes and Economic Performance: The Historical Record 0 0 2 593 6 9 23 1,890
Money Growth Variability and Money Supply Interdependence Under InterestRate Control: Some Evidence For Canada 0 0 0 33 2 3 10 245
Money Stock Targeting, Base Drift and Price-Level Predictability: Lessons From the U.K. Experience 0 0 0 44 4 8 13 616
Money and Prices in the Nineteenth Century: Was Thomas Tooke Right? 0 0 0 95 1 2 8 297
Money versus Credit Rationing: Evidence for the National Banking Era, 1880-1914 0 0 0 33 0 0 3 193
On the evolution of U.S. foreign-exchange-market intervention: thesis, theory, and institutions 0 0 0 78 1 2 7 376
Real Versus Pseudo-International Systemic Risk: Some Lessons from History 0 0 1 403 5 6 21 1,586
Shadow Open Market Committee; Policy Statement and Position Papers 0 0 0 0 4 4 10 633
The ECU - An Imaginary or Embryonic Form of Money: What Can We Learn from History? 0 0 1 27 5 8 14 223
The Evolution of Wage and Employment in the Israeli Economy 1986-1991 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 181
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 0 0 63 15 19 27 144
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 0 0 72 6 11 23 91
The Federal Reserve as an Informed Foreign Exchange Trader: 1973 - 1995 0 0 0 33 1 3 7 124
The Federal Reserve as an informed foreign-exchange trader: 1973-1995 0 0 0 61 1 2 15 197
The Historical Origins of U.S. Exchange Market Intervention Policy 0 0 0 73 4 15 29 353
The Impact of Milton Friedman on Modern Monetary Economics: Setting the Record Straight on Paul Krugman's "Who Was Milton Friedman?" 0 1 2 381 1 9 28 1,209
The Interrelation of Wage Series of Firms to Each Other Land and to the Series of their Employment Level. Facts from Microdata 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 265
The Interrelation of the Time Series of Wage and Employment at the Firm Level, Common Features and Contracts 0 0 0 0 1 3 9 118
The Rise and Fall of Foreign Exchange Market Intervention 0 0 0 360 3 3 11 1,165
The Specie Standard As A Contingent Rule: Some Evidence for Core and Peripheral Countries, 1880-90 0 0 0 64 1 6 15 318
The Specie Standard as a Contingent Rule: Some Evidence for Core and Peripheral Countries, 1880-1990 0 0 1 50 3 7 20 376
The effects of regulation on systemic risks 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 42
The impact of Milton Friedman on modern monetary economics: setting the record straight on Paul Krugman’s 'Who Was Milton Friedman? 0 0 1 282 2 3 10 881
U.S. Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention and the Early Dollar Float: 1973 - 1981 0 0 0 38 2 2 13 90
U.S. Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan Era 0 0 1 19 3 4 12 122
U.S. Intervention During the Bretton Woods Era: 1962-1973 0 0 0 70 1 1 6 117
U.S. foreign-exchange-market intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan era 0 0 0 49 5 11 18 123
U.S. intervention and the early dollar float: 1973-1981 0 0 0 45 2 2 12 78
U.S. intervention during the Bretton Wood Era:1962-1973 0 0 0 81 3 8 15 206
U.S. monetary-policy evolution and U.S. intervention 0 0 1 111 2 2 9 112
Under What Circumstances, Past and Present, Have International Rescues of Countries in Financial Distress Been Successful? 0 0 1 83 0 7 17 573
Was Expansionary Monetary Policy Feasible During the Great Contraction? An Examination of the Gold Standard Constraint 0 0 0 359 3 4 18 3,464
What has Foreign Market Intervention Since the Plaza Agreement Accomplished? 0 0 0 78 3 3 8 385
Why Clashes Between Internal and External Stability Goals End in Currency Crises, 1797-1994 0 0 0 129 2 2 8 414
Total Working Papers 0 1 15 6,914 129 246 654 27,987

Journal Article File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
Aftermath of the monetarist clash with the federal reserve before and during the Volcker era 0 0 0 13 0 0 2 66
Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Economic Data 0 0 2 360 0 0 6 988
An Attempt at Synthesis in American Banking History1 0 0 0 4 1 2 6 20
Assessing the Euro three years after its launch 0 0 0 115 0 2 8 388
Asset price inflation and monetary policy 0 0 0 33 0 4 15 190
Book Review: The Political Economy of American Monetary Policy 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 37
Clark Warburton: Pioneer monetarist 0 0 0 10 4 4 13 130
Comment on: Historical monetary policy analysis and the Taylor rule 0 0 0 27 4 4 9 113
Consumers' Expenditure in the United Kingdom, 1900–1919. By A. R. Prest assisted by A. A. Adams. (Studies in the National Income and Expenditure of the United Kingdom, No. 3.) New York: Cambridge University Press, 1954. Pp. xiii, 195. $7.50 0 0 0 2 0 0 4 37
Could Stable Money Have Averted the Great Contraction? 0 0 0 0 2 8 20 355
Currency boards: their past, present, and possible future role 0 0 3 415 1 2 13 915
Dangers in Bailing Out Countries That Are in Default by the International Monetary Fund or Others 0 0 0 1 2 2 4 12
Dealing with Exchange Rate Protectionism 0 0 0 3 2 2 7 46
Do Sovereign Debtors Need a Bankruptcy Law? 0 0 0 7 0 0 4 46
From Obscurity to Notoriety: A Biography of the Exchange Stabilization Fund 0 0 0 0 1 2 7 268
General and Miscellaneous - The Gold Standard in Theory and History. Edited by Barry Eichengreen. New York: Methuen, 1985. Pp. vi, 280. $11.95 paper 0 0 1 5 2 2 6 40
Global Order and the Future of the Euro 0 0 0 5 1 1 6 39
Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System. By Barry Eichengreen. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. Pp. vii, 223. $24.95 0 0 0 31 0 1 5 100
Has government any role in money? 0 0 4 554 2 6 19 1,171
Has the Growth of Money Substitutes Hindered Monetary Policy? 0 0 0 25 1 4 9 108
History of Mutual Savings Banks in Northampton, Massachusetts. By Katherine Finney. New York: King's Crown Press, 1945. Pp. x, 225. $2.50 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 22
IS-LM and Monetarism 0 0 0 51 4 7 21 390
Inflation and output changes in France, Italy, and the Netherlands: A comment 0 0 0 9 2 3 10 45
International Debts: What's Fact and What's Fiction 0 0 0 0 1 4 10 226
International Financial Crises: Myths and Realities 0 0 0 6 2 4 8 43
International Monetary Cooperation since Bretton Woods. By Harold James. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp. xvi, 742. $45.00 0 0 0 27 2 2 3 93
Interrelations between the United States and the United Kingdom, 1873-1975 0 0 0 49 2 3 7 197
Is There a Need for an International Lender of Last Resort? 0 0 0 8 0 0 4 53
Measuring real economic effects of bailouts: historical perspectives on how countries in financial distress have fared with and without bailouts 0 0 0 165 5 10 18 861
Monetary Policy and the Legacy of Milton Friedman 0 0 1 12 0 0 5 52
Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom, 1878–1970: Selected Findings 0 0 0 1 2 2 8 38
Monetary economic research at the St. Louis Fed during Ted Balbach's tenure as research director 0 0 0 13 2 3 10 125
Money and Prices in the Nineteenth Century: An Old Debate Rejoined 0 0 0 7 2 2 4 40
Money and prices in the 19th century: Was Thomas Tooke right? 0 0 0 54 1 1 4 492
Money stock targeting, base drift, and price-level predictability: Lessons from the U.K. Experience 0 0 0 15 2 3 11 271
Origins of the Financial Market Crisis of 2008 0 0 1 114 2 6 15 375
PROSPECTS OF AN INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM CONSTITUTION 0 0 0 13 1 1 7 55
Portrait 0 0 0 1 0 3 8 12
Real versus Pseudo-International Systemic Risk Some Lessons from History 1 1 1 4 3 4 7 51
Reflections on the Gold Commission Report 0 0 0 57 1 3 8 272
Rejoinder to Paul Krugman 0 0 0 89 1 1 9 295
Remembering Milton Friedman 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 50
Risks to the long-term stability of the euro 0 0 0 52 0 0 10 290
Schwartz on Friedman 0 0 0 21 2 2 5 320
Secular Price Change in Historical Perspective 0 0 1 58 0 1 8 215
The Aliber, Dewald, and Gordon Papers: A Comment 0 0 0 8 4 5 7 71
The Beginning of Competitive Banking in Philadelphia, 1782-1809 0 0 0 37 0 0 4 160
The Behavior of Money Stock under Interest Rate Control: Some Evidence for Canada 0 0 0 16 3 4 15 144
The Definition of Money: Net Wealth and Neutrality as Criteria 0 0 2 645 2 4 12 3,036
The Effect of the Term Structure of Interest Rates on the Demand for Money in the United States 0 0 0 120 1 1 5 360
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 0 2 39 5 14 39 233
The Federal Reserve as an Informed Foreign Exchange Trader: 1973–1995 0 0 0 16 1 1 9 199
The Golden Age of the Quantity Theory, by David Laidler. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1991. Pp. xv, 220. ISBN 0-691-04295-0 0 0 1 25 3 4 9 65
The Golden Constant: The English and American Experience, 1560–1976. By Roy W. Jastram. New York: John Wiley, 1977. Pp. xvii, 231; tables and charts 0 0 1 22 3 4 7 73
The Importance of Stable Money: Theory and Evidence 0 0 0 4 3 3 9 43
The Jacksonian Economy. By Peter Temin. (The Norton Essays in American History. Edited by Harold M. Hyman.) New York: W. W. Norton, 1969. Pp. 208. $5.50 (cloth); $1.95 (paperback) 0 0 0 24 1 4 6 108
The National Bank Note Puzzle Reinterpreted 0 0 1 25 3 3 18 248
The Performance and Stability of Banking Systems under "Self-Regulation": Theory and Evidence 0 0 0 16 1 2 7 74
The Rise and Fall of Foreign Exchange Market Intervention as a Policy Tool 0 0 0 31 2 3 7 117
The Role of Monetary Policy in the Face of Crises 0 0 0 7 1 2 6 64
The banking crisis of 1993: Susan Estabrook Kennedy, (University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 1973) 270 pp 0 0 0 54 3 3 4 243
The failure of the bank of United States: A reappraisal: A reply 0 0 1 101 0 2 8 271
The historical origins of US exchange market intervention policy 0 0 0 39 5 6 13 226
The impact of Milton Friedman on modern monetary economics: Setting the record straight on Paul Krugman's "Who was Milton Friedman?" 0 0 1 200 6 20 55 1,461
The misuse of the Fed's discount window 0 0 0 114 3 4 19 490
Transmission of Real and Monetary Disturbances under Fixed and Floating Rates 0 0 0 14 1 1 9 63
US Foreign Exchange Market Intervention since 1962 0 0 0 0 2 4 11 217
Under what circumstances, past and present, have international rescues of countries in financial distress been successful? 0 0 1 35 4 5 15 521
Was Expansionary Monetary Policy Feasible during the Great Contraction? An Examination of the Gold Standard Constraint 1 2 3 107 2 10 24 650
What has foreign exchange market intervention since the Plaza Agreement accomplished? 0 0 0 36 6 9 15 153
Why A Monetary History Has Had a Long Life 0 0 0 7 3 5 10 47
Why a Dual Mandate is Wrong for Monetary Policy 0 0 1 76 0 0 8 208
Why clashes between internal and external stability goals end in currency crises, 1797–1994 0 0 1 39 2 4 13 222
Total Journal Articles 2 3 29 4,299 133 241 733 19,719

Book File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 0 0 0 0 15 42 167 5,049
A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931 0 0 0 0 5 8 24 834
Currency Held by the Public, the Banks, and the Treasury, Monthly, December 1917–December 1944 0 0 0 0 1 1 7 141
From New Deal Banking Reform to World War II Inflation 0 0 0 0 2 2 10 200
Monetary Statistics of the United States: Estimates, Sources, Methods 0 0 0 0 6 10 22 1,268
Monetary Trends in the United States and United Kingdom: Their Relation to Income, Prices, and Interest Rates, 1867–1975 0 0 0 0 1 2 16 1,236
Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 415
Money in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 0 2 4 11 21
Money in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 0 3 10 32 731
Strained Relations 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 64
Strained Relations: US Foreign-Exchange Operations and Monetary Policy in the Twentieth Century 0 0 0 0 3 5 17 146
The Great Contraction, 1929–33 0 0 0 0 6 13 25 1,560
The International Transmission of Inflation 0 0 0 0 4 6 16 337
The International Transmission of Inflation 0 0 0 0 1 4 12 12
Total Books 0 0 0 0 50 109 372 12,014
2 registered items for which data could not be found

Chapter File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A Century of British Market Interest Rates, 1874–1975 0 0 0 14 2 2 3 59
A Priori Approaches 0 0 0 35 1 2 6 106
Alternative Monetary Regimes: The Gold Standard 0 0 0 49 1 2 5 240
Alternative Policies 0 0 0 71 3 3 9 150
Annual, Semiannual, and Quarterly Estimates, 1867-1907 0 0 0 25 1 1 4 103
Appendices, Currency Held by the Public, the Banks, and the Treasury, Monthly, December 1917–December 1944 0 0 0 5 2 3 6 58
Appendix 1: Summaries of Bank of England Documents 0 0 1 2 1 1 7 10
Appendix 2: Empirical Method for Assessing Success Counts 0 0 0 1 1 1 7 13
Appendix: Publications of Anna J. Schwartz 0 1 1 8 4 6 15 114
Bank Failures 0 0 0 127 1 2 5 219
Basis for Our Choice of Definition 0 0 0 27 0 1 6 109
Charles Goodhart's contributions to the history of monetary institutions 0 2 3 7 3 10 15 51
Clark Warburton: Pioneer Monetarist 0 0 0 32 1 3 11 219
Comments on the Paper by Alan Budd, Sean Holly, Andrew Longbottom and David Smith 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 6
Comparison of Earlier Estimates With Our Own 0 0 0 12 2 3 6 63
Conclusion on Definition 0 0 0 23 0 0 2 138
Currency Held by the Public: Call Date and Monthly Estimates 0 0 0 16 0 1 9 93
Cyclical Changes, 1933–41 0 0 0 25 0 2 4 79
David Laidler on Monetarism 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 7
Definitions 0 0 1 13 0 0 6 98
Deposits and Commercial Banks: Call Dates 0 0 0 13 1 1 11 100
Deposits and Commercial Banks: Monthly Estimates 0 0 0 17 1 2 6 86
Deposits at Mutual Savings Banks: Call Date and Monthly Estimates 0 0 0 11 2 2 3 74
Deposits with the Postal Savings System 0 0 0 18 1 2 6 129
Derivation of the Series 0 0 0 2 2 2 8 42
Development of Monetary Policy 0 0 0 106 3 4 7 190
Division of Change in Income between Prices and Output 0 0 0 41 0 1 5 106
Do Currency Boards Have a Future? 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8
Epilogue: Foreign-Exchange-Market Operations in the Twenty-First Century 0 0 0 5 1 1 5 40
Estimates for the Period Before 1867 0 0 0 18 1 2 4 78
Estimates for the Period Since 1867 1 1 2 29 4 5 9 100
Exchange Market Policy in the United States: Precedents and Antecedents 0 0 0 1 1 1 6 14
Factors Accounting for Changes in the Stock of Money 0 0 1 105 2 2 3 208
From Gibson to Fisher 0 0 0 28 2 3 6 112
Front matter, Strained Relations: US Foreign-Exchange Operations and Monetary Policy in the Twentieth Century 0 0 1 11 3 3 5 47
General Features of Our Estimates 0 0 0 9 1 1 4 51
Glossary, Sources, Indexes 0 0 0 34 3 3 7 98
Gross Dividend and Interest Payments by Corporations at Selected Dates in the 19th Century 0 0 0 2 2 5 11 48
Has Government Any Role in Money? 0 0 2 285 0 2 14 723
Has the Growth of Money Substitutes Hindered Monetary Policy? 0 0 0 14 1 3 4 57
How Feasible Is a Flexible Monetary Policy? 0 0 0 19 1 2 10 120
II. The Mark III International Transmission Model 0 0 0 0 1 1 8 11
III. Capital Flows, Sterilization, Monetary Policy, and Exchange Intervention 0 0 0 7 3 3 10 36
IV. International Price Movements 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 3
International Character of the Contraction 0 0 0 70 6 6 8 159
Introducing the Exchange Stabilization Fund, 1934–1961 0 0 0 3 0 1 9 19
Introduction to "A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931" 0 1 5 102 2 3 17 233
Introduction to "Monetary Statistics of the United States: Estimates, Sources, Methods" 0 0 0 111 3 4 11 268
Introduction to "The Great Contraction, 1929–33" 0 0 0 343 3 3 14 598
Lessons from the Evolution of US Monetary and Intervention Policies 0 1 1 4 0 1 4 14
Lessons of the Gold Standard Era and the Bretton Woods System for the Prospects of an International Monetary System Constitution 0 0 0 39 2 2 11 160
Library Policies for Research in Monetary Economics 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6
Long Swings in Growth Rates 0 0 0 29 1 2 6 88
Monetary Influences on Nominal Income 0 0 1 44 1 2 7 120
Monetary policy regimes and economic performance: The historical record 0 1 8 579 4 11 58 2,068
Money and Business Cycles 0 0 0 257 3 6 18 724
Money and Business Cycles 0 0 1 46 6 7 24 181
Money and Interest Rates 0 0 0 92 1 2 3 170
Money versus Credit Rationing: Evidence for the National Banking Era, 1880-1914 0 0 0 17 2 3 9 88
Movements of Money, Income, and Prices 0 0 0 71 1 1 5 147
New Deal Changes in the Banking Structure and Monetary Standard 0 0 1 32 1 1 4 119
Notes, References, Index 0 0 0 0 1 2 10 18
On the Evolution of US Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention: Thesis, Theory, and Institutions 0 0 0 4 3 3 12 56
Part One: Definition of Money, Introduction 0 0 0 83 0 1 8 230
Part Three: Derivation of Our Estimates, Introduction 0 0 0 13 3 3 9 61
Part Two: Earlier Estimates, Introduction 0 0 0 13 1 1 4 75
Principal Empirical Findings 0 0 0 75 2 2 9 169
Prior Usage 0 0 0 25 1 1 5 130
Real and Pseudo-Financial Crises 0 0 0 279 1 3 14 597
References 0 0 0 23 2 3 11 88
References 0 0 0 5 1 1 3 42
Reflections on the Gold Commission Report 0 0 0 29 1 1 6 108
Scope of the Study 0 0 0 30 4 5 11 230
Secular Price Change in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 37 2 3 13 137
Significance of Fluctuations in Currency Holdings 0 0 0 4 2 2 4 47
Sources and Accuracy of Basic Data 0 0 0 19 2 2 7 93
The Basic Data 0 0 1 51 0 1 7 117
The Beginning of Competitive Banking in Philadelphia, 1782–1809 0 0 0 37 2 2 2 136
The Course of Money, Income, Prices, Velocity, and Interest Rates 0 0 0 182 0 1 7 302
The ECU — An Imaginary or Embryonic Form of Money: What Can We Learn from History? 0 0 0 0 4 6 12 14
The General Statistical Framework 0 0 0 30 0 1 4 93
The General Theoretical Framework 0 0 1 61 3 3 5 182
The Importance of Stable Money: Theory and Evidence 0 0 0 14 2 3 9 82
The Postwar Institutional Evolution of the International Monetary System 0 0 0 7 1 3 5 60
The Postwar Institutional Evolution of the International Monetary System 0 0 0 13 5 7 11 67
The Role of Money 0 0 0 112 1 3 12 281
US Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan Era, 1981–1997 0 0 0 4 1 1 5 16
US Intervention and the Early Dollar Float, 1973–1981 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 22
US Intervention during the Bretton Woods Era, 1962–1973 1 1 1 5 2 4 7 32
Understanding 1929–1933 0 0 0 56 2 3 7 118
United States Government Balances 0 0 0 12 1 1 2 77
Velocity and the Demand for Money 0 1 1 86 1 3 8 246
Velocity and the Interrelations between the United States and the United Kingdom 0 0 0 27 2 2 7 92
Why Money Matters 0 0 0 25 2 2 4 88
Why Was Monetary Policy So Inept? 0 0 1 120 2 3 8 228
World War II Inflation, September 1939–August 1948 0 0 0 39 4 4 8 193
Total Chapters 2 9 34 4,629 159 239 762 14,105

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Statistics updated 2026-05-06