Access Statistics for Anna Jacobson Schwartz

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Working Paper File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A brief empirical history of U.S. foreign-exchange intervention: 1973-1995 0 0 1 89 3 4 7 240
Asset Price Inflation and Monetary Policy 0 0 0 768 3 3 7 1,819
Bretton Woods and the U.S. decision to intervene in the foreign-exchange market, 1957-1962 0 0 0 63 2 4 6 178
Bretton Woods, swap lines, and the Federal Reserve’s return to intervention 0 0 0 100 3 4 7 181
Charles Goodhart's Contributions to the History of Monetary Institutions 0 0 1 469 4 9 13 2,197
Could Stable Money Have Averted The Great Contraction? 0 0 0 78 6 8 10 433
David Laidler on Monetarism 0 0 1 263 4 8 20 871
Epilogue: Foreign-Exchange-Market Operations in the Twenty-First Century 0 0 0 77 6 8 12 253
Epilogue: foreign-exchange-market operations in the twenty-first century 0 0 0 54 5 9 11 219
From Obscurity to Notoriety: A Biography of the Exchange Stabilization Fund 0 0 1 49 3 5 8 271
From the Exchange Stabilization Fund to the International Monetary Fund 0 0 0 153 7 13 21 730
IS-LM and Monetarism 0 0 1 625 2 10 15 2,168
Measuring Real Economic Effects of Bailouts: Historical Perspectives on How Countries in Financial Distress Have Fared With and Without Bailouts 1 1 1 319 8 8 12 1,150
Monetary Policy Regimes and Economic Performance: The Historical Record 0 1 3 593 1 9 20 1,881
Money Growth Variability and Money Supply Interdependence Under InterestRate Control: Some Evidence For Canada 0 0 0 33 1 7 7 242
Money Stock Targeting, Base Drift and Price-Level Predictability: Lessons From the U.K. Experience 0 0 0 44 3 5 7 608
Money and Prices in the Nineteenth Century: Was Thomas Tooke Right? 0 0 0 95 2 5 7 295
Money versus Credit Rationing: Evidence for the National Banking Era, 1880-1914 0 0 0 33 0 2 5 193
On the evolution of U.S. foreign-exchange-market intervention: thesis, theory, and institutions 0 0 0 78 2 5 6 374
Real Versus Pseudo-International Systemic Risk: Some Lessons from History 0 0 1 403 6 11 15 1,580
Shadow Open Market Committee; Policy Statement and Position Papers 0 0 0 0 4 6 6 629
The ECU - An Imaginary or Embryonic Form of Money: What Can We Learn from History? 0 0 1 27 1 4 6 215
The Evolution of Wage and Employment in the Israeli Economy 1986-1991 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 180
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 0 0 63 3 8 10 125
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 0 0 72 5 11 12 80
The Federal Reserve as an Informed Foreign Exchange Trader: 1973 - 1995 0 0 0 33 1 4 4 121
The Federal Reserve as an informed foreign-exchange trader: 1973-1995 0 0 0 61 4 8 13 195
The Historical Origins of U.S. Exchange Market Intervention Policy 0 0 0 73 6 11 14 338
The Impact of Milton Friedman on Modern Monetary Economics: Setting the Record Straight on Paul Krugman's "Who Was Milton Friedman?" 0 1 1 380 10 19 19 1,200
The Interrelation of Wage Series of Firms to Each Other Land and to the Series of their Employment Level. Facts from Microdata 0 0 0 0 3 3 5 261
The Interrelation of the Time Series of Wage and Employment at the Firm Level, Common Features and Contracts 0 0 0 0 5 6 8 115
The Rise and Fall of Foreign Exchange Market Intervention 0 0 0 360 2 6 8 1,162
The Specie Standard As A Contingent Rule: Some Evidence for Core and Peripheral Countries, 1880-90 0 0 0 64 6 7 9 312
The Specie Standard as a Contingent Rule: Some Evidence for Core and Peripheral Countries, 1880-1990 0 1 1 50 6 13 13 369
The effects of regulation on systemic risks 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 40
The impact of Milton Friedman on modern monetary economics: setting the record straight on Paul Krugman’s 'Who Was Milton Friedman? 0 0 1 282 2 3 7 878
U.S. Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention and the Early Dollar Float: 1973 - 1981 0 0 0 38 6 11 11 88
U.S. Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan Era 0 0 1 19 2 4 9 118
U.S. Intervention During the Bretton Woods Era: 1962-1973 0 0 0 70 3 4 6 116
U.S. foreign-exchange-market intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan era 0 0 0 49 4 7 7 112
U.S. intervention and the early dollar float: 1973-1981 0 0 0 45 4 7 11 76
U.S. intervention during the Bretton Wood Era:1962-1973 0 0 0 81 1 6 7 198
U.S. monetary-policy evolution and U.S. intervention 0 0 1 111 3 5 8 110
Under What Circumstances, Past and Present, Have International Rescues of Countries in Financial Distress Been Successful? 0 0 1 83 2 7 11 566
Was Expansionary Monetary Policy Feasible During the Great Contraction? An Examination of the Gold Standard Constraint 0 0 0 359 5 11 15 3,460
What has Foreign Market Intervention Since the Plaza Agreement Accomplished? 0 0 0 78 1 4 7 382
Why Clashes Between Internal and External Stability Goals End in Currency Crises, 1797-1994 0 0 0 129 2 4 7 412
Total Working Papers 1 4 17 6,913 163 318 455 27,741

Journal Article File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
Aftermath of the monetarist clash with the federal reserve before and during the Volcker era 0 0 0 13 0 1 2 66
Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Economic Data 0 0 2 360 1 4 9 988
An Attempt at Synthesis in American Banking History1 0 0 0 4 2 4 4 18
Assessing the Euro three years after its launch 0 0 0 115 3 6 7 386
Asset price inflation and monetary policy 0 0 0 33 4 7 13 186
Book Review: The Political Economy of American Monetary Policy 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 35
Clark Warburton: Pioneer monetarist 0 0 0 10 4 8 9 126
Comment on: Historical monetary policy analysis and the Taylor rule 0 0 0 27 1 3 5 109
Consumers' Expenditure in the United Kingdom, 1900–1919. By A. R. Prest assisted by A. A. Adams. (Studies in the National Income and Expenditure of the United Kingdom, No. 3.) New York: Cambridge University Press, 1954. Pp. xiii, 195. $7.50 0 0 0 2 2 2 4 37
Could Stable Money Have Averted the Great Contraction? 0 0 0 0 6 11 13 347
Currency boards: their past, present, and possible future role 1 3 3 415 7 11 12 913
Dangers in Bailing Out Countries That Are in Default by the International Monetary Fund or Others 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 10
Dealing with Exchange Rate Protectionism 0 0 0 3 3 5 5 44
Do Sovereign Debtors Need a Bankruptcy Law? 0 0 0 7 1 2 4 46
From Obscurity to Notoriety: A Biography of the Exchange Stabilization Fund 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 266
General and Miscellaneous - The Gold Standard in Theory and History. Edited by Barry Eichengreen. New York: Methuen, 1985. Pp. vi, 280. $11.95 paper 0 0 1 5 1 2 4 38
Global Order and the Future of the Euro 0 0 0 5 4 4 5 38
Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System. By Barry Eichengreen. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. Pp. vii, 223. $24.95 0 0 0 31 1 2 4 99
Has government any role in money? 1 2 5 554 4 10 18 1,165
Has the Growth of Money Substitutes Hindered Monetary Policy? 0 0 0 25 2 5 5 104
History of Mutual Savings Banks in Northampton, Massachusetts. By Katherine Finney. New York: King's Crown Press, 1945. Pp. x, 225. $2.50 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 21
IS-LM and Monetarism 0 0 1 51 4 8 18 383
Inflation and output changes in France, Italy, and the Netherlands: A comment 0 0 0 9 5 5 7 42
International Debts: What's Fact and What's Fiction 0 0 0 0 3 5 7 222
International Financial Crises: Myths and Realities 0 0 0 6 2 4 5 39
International Monetary Cooperation since Bretton Woods. By Harold James. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp. xvi, 742. $45.00 0 0 1 27 1 1 2 91
Interrelations between the United States and the United Kingdom, 1873-1975 0 0 0 49 3 3 5 194
Is There a Need for an International Lender of Last Resort? 0 0 0 8 1 1 5 53
Measuring real economic effects of bailouts: historical perspectives on how countries in financial distress have fared with and without bailouts 0 0 0 165 3 4 8 851
Monetary Policy and the Legacy of Milton Friedman 0 0 1 12 2 4 5 52
Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom, 1878–1970: Selected Findings 0 0 0 1 2 5 6 36
Monetary economic research at the St. Louis Fed during Ted Balbach's tenure as research director 0 0 0 13 3 5 7 122
Money and Prices in the Nineteenth Century: An Old Debate Rejoined 0 0 0 7 1 2 4 38
Money and prices in the 19th century: Was Thomas Tooke right? 0 0 1 54 1 1 5 491
Money stock targeting, base drift, and price-level predictability: Lessons from the U.K. Experience 0 0 0 15 5 7 9 268
Origins of the Financial Market Crisis of 2008 0 0 1 114 3 7 14 369
PROSPECTS OF AN INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM CONSTITUTION 0 0 0 13 3 4 6 54
Portrait 0 0 0 1 2 4 5 9
Real versus Pseudo-International Systemic Risk Some Lessons from History 0 0 0 3 1 2 4 47
Reflections on the Gold Commission Report 0 0 0 57 3 4 6 269
Rejoinder to Paul Krugman 0 0 0 89 2 5 9 294
Remembering Milton Friedman 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 50
Risks to the long-term stability of the euro 0 0 0 52 1 3 10 290
Schwartz on Friedman 0 0 0 21 3 3 3 318
Secular Price Change in Historical Perspective 0 0 2 58 3 5 9 214
The Aliber, Dewald, and Gordon Papers: A Comment 0 0 0 8 0 1 2 66
The Beginning of Competitive Banking in Philadelphia, 1782-1809 0 0 0 37 1 2 5 160
The Behavior of Money Stock under Interest Rate Control: Some Evidence for Canada 0 0 0 16 6 10 11 140
The Definition of Money: Net Wealth and Neutrality as Criteria 2 2 3 645 5 6 11 3,032
The Effect of the Term Structure of Interest Rates on the Demand for Money in the United States 0 0 0 120 0 3 7 359
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 1 2 39 7 19 29 219
The Federal Reserve as an Informed Foreign Exchange Trader: 1973–1995 0 0 0 16 2 5 8 198
The Golden Age of the Quantity Theory, by David Laidler. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1991. Pp. xv, 220. ISBN 0-691-04295-0 0 0 1 25 2 4 5 61
The Golden Constant: The English and American Experience, 1560–1976. By Roy W. Jastram. New York: John Wiley, 1977. Pp. xvii, 231; tables and charts 0 1 1 22 0 2 3 69
The Importance of Stable Money: Theory and Evidence 0 0 0 4 3 5 9 40
The Jacksonian Economy. By Peter Temin. (The Norton Essays in American History. Edited by Harold M. Hyman.) New York: W. W. Norton, 1969. Pp. 208. $5.50 (cloth); $1.95 (paperback) 0 0 0 24 1 1 2 104
The National Bank Note Puzzle Reinterpreted 0 0 1 25 2 10 16 245
The Performance and Stability of Banking Systems under "Self-Regulation": Theory and Evidence 0 0 0 16 4 5 7 72
The Rise and Fall of Foreign Exchange Market Intervention as a Policy Tool 0 0 0 31 0 3 4 114
The Role of Monetary Policy in the Face of Crises 0 0 0 7 1 3 4 62
The banking crisis of 1993: Susan Estabrook Kennedy, (University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 1973) 270 pp 0 0 0 54 0 0 1 240
The failure of the bank of United States: A reappraisal: A reply 0 0 1 101 2 3 8 269
The historical origins of US exchange market intervention policy 0 0 0 39 2 4 7 220
The impact of Milton Friedman on modern monetary economics: Setting the record straight on Paul Krugman's "Who was Milton Friedman?" 0 0 1 200 19 27 37 1,441
The misuse of the Fed's discount window 0 0 1 114 1 6 23 486
Transmission of Real and Monetary Disturbances under Fixed and Floating Rates 0 0 1 14 2 6 9 62
US Foreign Exchange Market Intervention since 1962 0 0 0 0 1 5 8 213
Under what circumstances, past and present, have international rescues of countries in financial distress been successful? 0 0 1 35 4 7 14 516
Was Expansionary Monetary Policy Feasible during the Great Contraction? An Examination of the Gold Standard Constraint 0 0 3 105 4 10 20 640
What has foreign exchange market intervention since the Plaza Agreement accomplished? 0 0 0 36 1 4 9 144
Why A Monetary History Has Had a Long Life 0 0 0 7 2 5 5 42
Why a Dual Mandate is Wrong for Monetary Policy 0 0 1 76 2 6 8 208
Why clashes between internal and external stability goals end in currency crises, 1797–1994 0 0 1 39 3 5 15 218
Total Journal Articles 4 9 36 4,296 182 350 582 19,478

Book File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 0 0 0 0 16 52 152 5,007
A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931 0 0 0 0 6 10 18 826
Currency Held by the Public, the Banks, and the Treasury, Monthly, December 1917–December 1944 0 0 0 0 2 3 6 140
From New Deal Banking Reform to World War II Inflation 0 0 0 0 3 6 10 198
Monetary Statistics of the United States: Estimates, Sources, Methods 0 0 0 0 5 9 15 1,258
Monetary Trends in the United States and United Kingdom: Their Relation to Income, Prices, and Interest Rates, 1867–1975 0 0 0 0 2 12 19 1,234
Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 413
Money in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 0 6 13 27 721
Money in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 0 2 6 8 17
Strained Relations 0 0 0 0 2 4 8 64
Strained Relations: US Foreign-Exchange Operations and Monetary Policy in the Twentieth Century 0 0 0 0 3 11 12 141
The Great Contraction, 1929–33 0 0 0 0 5 8 19 1,547
The International Transmission of Inflation 0 0 0 0 3 6 10 331
The International Transmission of Inflation 0 0 0 0 3 4 8 8
Total Books 0 0 0 0 59 146 318 11,905
2 registered items for which data could not be found

Chapter File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A Century of British Market Interest Rates, 1874–1975 0 0 0 14 0 1 2 57
A Priori Approaches 0 0 0 35 3 4 5 104
Alternative Monetary Regimes: The Gold Standard 0 0 0 49 3 3 3 238
Alternative Policies 0 0 0 71 3 5 8 147
Annual, Semiannual, and Quarterly Estimates, 1867-1907 0 0 3 25 0 1 7 102
Appendices, Currency Held by the Public, the Banks, and the Treasury, Monthly, December 1917–December 1944 0 0 0 5 2 3 3 55
Appendix 1: Summaries of Bank of England Documents 0 1 1 2 3 4 6 9
Appendix 2: Empirical Method for Assessing Success Counts 0 0 0 1 5 5 6 12
Appendix: Publications of Anna J. Schwartz 0 0 0 7 1 8 9 108
Bank Failures 0 0 0 127 0 3 4 217
Basis for Our Choice of Definition 0 0 0 27 2 4 6 108
Charles Goodhart's contributions to the history of monetary institutions 0 0 1 5 0 2 5 41
Clark Warburton: Pioneer Monetarist 0 0 0 32 1 6 9 216
Comments on the Paper by Alan Budd, Sean Holly, Andrew Longbottom and David Smith 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 5
Comparison of Earlier Estimates With Our Own 0 0 0 12 1 2 4 60
Conclusion on Definition 0 0 0 23 1 1 3 138
Currency Held by the Public: Call Date and Monthly Estimates 0 0 0 16 3 6 9 92
Cyclical Changes, 1933–41 0 0 0 25 1 2 3 77
David Laidler on Monetarism 0 0 0 0 3 5 6 7
Definitions 0 1 1 13 3 5 7 98
Deposits and Commercial Banks: Call Dates 0 0 0 13 6 8 11 99
Deposits and Commercial Banks: Monthly Estimates 0 0 1 17 2 3 6 84
Deposits at Mutual Savings Banks: Call Date and Monthly Estimates 0 0 0 11 0 1 2 72
Deposits with the Postal Savings System 0 0 0 18 1 3 7 127
Derivation of the Series 0 0 0 2 5 6 6 40
Development of Monetary Policy 0 0 0 106 1 3 4 186
Division of Change in Income between Prices and Output 0 0 0 41 1 3 6 105
Do Currency Boards Have a Future? 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 6
Epilogue: Foreign-Exchange-Market Operations in the Twenty-First Century 0 0 0 5 1 3 4 39
Estimates for the Period Before 1867 0 0 0 18 1 1 4 76
Estimates for the Period Since 1867 1 1 2 28 3 3 8 95
Exchange Market Policy in the United States: Precedents and Antecedents 0 0 0 1 0 4 5 13
Factors Accounting for Changes in the Stock of Money 0 0 1 105 0 0 2 206
From Gibson to Fisher 0 0 0 28 0 0 5 109
Front matter, Strained Relations: US Foreign-Exchange Operations and Monetary Policy in the Twentieth Century 0 1 1 11 1 2 2 44
General Features of Our Estimates 0 0 1 9 0 2 6 50
Glossary, Sources, Indexes 0 0 0 34 2 4 5 95
Gross Dividend and Interest Payments by Corporations at Selected Dates in the 19th Century 0 0 0 2 2 4 6 43
Has Government Any Role in Money? 0 1 3 285 7 10 17 721
Has the Growth of Money Substitutes Hindered Monetary Policy? 0 0 0 14 1 1 1 54
How Feasible Is a Flexible Monetary Policy? 0 0 0 19 2 5 8 118
II. The Mark III International Transmission Model 0 0 0 0 3 5 7 10
III. Capital Flows, Sterilization, Monetary Policy, and Exchange Intervention 0 0 0 7 3 6 8 33
IV. International Price Movements 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2
International Character of the Contraction 0 0 0 70 0 1 4 153
Introducing the Exchange Stabilization Fund, 1934–1961 0 0 0 3 2 6 8 18
Introduction to "A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931" 0 2 4 101 3 8 15 230
Introduction to "Monetary Statistics of the United States: Estimates, Sources, Methods" 0 0 0 111 4 6 9 264
Introduction to "The Great Contraction, 1929–33" 0 0 1 343 4 7 14 595
Lessons from the Evolution of US Monetary and Intervention Policies 0 0 0 3 0 2 3 13
Lessons of the Gold Standard Era and the Bretton Woods System for the Prospects of an International Monetary System Constitution 0 0 0 39 2 4 10 158
Library Policies for Research in Monetary Economics 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 6
Long Swings in Growth Rates 0 0 0 29 3 4 5 86
Monetary Influences on Nominal Income 0 0 2 44 1 2 7 118
Monetary policy regimes and economic performance: The historical record 0 3 13 578 11 29 67 2,057
Money and Business Cycles 0 0 3 46 6 11 22 174
Money and Business Cycles 0 0 0 257 8 11 13 718
Money and Interest Rates 0 0 1 92 1 1 3 168
Money versus Credit Rationing: Evidence for the National Banking Era, 1880-1914 0 0 0 17 3 6 6 85
Movements of Money, Income, and Prices 0 0 0 71 1 3 5 146
New Deal Changes in the Banking Structure and Monetary Standard 0 1 1 32 1 3 4 118
Notes, References, Index 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 16
On the Evolution of US Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention: Thesis, Theory, and Institutions 0 0 1 4 5 7 10 53
Part One: Definition of Money, Introduction 0 0 0 83 3 5 8 229
Part Three: Derivation of Our Estimates, Introduction 0 0 1 13 5 5 8 58
Part Two: Earlier Estimates, Introduction 0 0 0 13 1 2 4 74
Principal Empirical Findings 0 0 1 75 2 5 10 167
Prior Usage 0 0 0 25 1 2 5 129
Real and Pseudo-Financial Crises 0 0 0 279 1 4 13 594
References 0 0 0 5 0 1 3 41
References 0 0 0 23 1 5 10 85
Reflections on the Gold Commission Report 0 0 0 29 1 4 5 107
Scope of the Study 0 0 0 30 1 5 7 225
Secular Price Change in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 37 4 8 11 134
Significance of Fluctuations in Currency Holdings 0 0 0 4 0 1 2 45
Sources and Accuracy of Basic Data 0 0 1 19 2 2 7 91
The Basic Data 0 1 1 51 1 5 7 116
The Beginning of Competitive Banking in Philadelphia, 1782–1809 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 134
The Course of Money, Income, Prices, Velocity, and Interest Rates 0 0 0 182 3 5 7 301
The ECU — An Imaginary or Embryonic Form of Money: What Can We Learn from History? 0 0 0 0 2 4 6 8
The General Statistical Framework 0 0 0 30 0 2 5 92
The General Theoretical Framework 0 0 1 61 1 1 4 179
The Importance of Stable Money: Theory and Evidence 0 0 0 14 2 5 7 79
The Postwar Institutional Evolution of the International Monetary System 0 0 0 7 1 2 3 57
The Postwar Institutional Evolution of the International Monetary System 0 0 0 13 3 3 4 60
The Role of Money 0 0 0 112 1 5 12 278
US Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan Era, 1981–1997 0 0 0 4 2 3 5 15
US Intervention and the Early Dollar Float, 1973–1981 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 22
US Intervention during the Bretton Woods Era, 1962–1973 0 0 0 4 1 2 4 28
Understanding 1929–1933 0 0 0 56 0 3 7 115
United States Government Balances 0 0 0 12 1 1 2 76
Velocity and the Demand for Money 0 0 0 85 4 4 6 243
Velocity and the Interrelations between the United States and the United Kingdom 0 0 0 27 2 3 6 90
Why Money Matters 0 0 0 25 0 2 3 86
Why Was Monetary Policy So Inept? 0 0 1 120 2 3 7 225
World War II Inflation, September 1939–August 1948 0 0 0 39 2 2 5 189
Total Chapters 1 12 47 4,620 186 375 652 13,866

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Statistics updated 2026-02-12