Access Statistics for Anna Jacobson Schwartz

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Working Paper File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A brief empirical history of U.S. foreign-exchange intervention: 1973-1995 0 0 0 89 0 2 13 247
Asset Price Inflation and Monetary Policy 0 0 0 768 0 3 9 1,824
Bretton Woods and the U.S. decision to intervene in the foreign-exchange market, 1957-1962 0 1 1 64 64 67 75 249
Bretton Woods, swap lines, and the Federal Reserve’s return to intervention 0 0 0 100 0 2 11 187
Charles Goodhart's Contributions to the History of Monetary Institutions 0 0 0 469 0 1 19 2,206
Could Stable Money Have Averted The Great Contraction? 0 0 0 78 1 1 12 437
David Laidler on Monetarism 0 0 1 263 0 3 22 881
Epilogue: Foreign-Exchange-Market Operations in the Twenty-First Century 0 0 0 77 2 3 20 263
Epilogue: foreign-exchange-market operations in the twenty-first century 0 0 0 54 1 3 17 227
From Obscurity to Notoriety: A Biography of the Exchange Stabilization Fund 0 0 0 49 1 2 20 286
From the Exchange Stabilization Fund to the International Monetary Fund 0 1 2 155 2 5 30 745
IS-LM and Monetarism 0 1 1 626 1 4 23 2,180
Measuring Real Economic Effects of Bailouts: Historical Perspectives on How Countries in Financial Distress Have Fared With and Without Bailouts 0 0 1 319 0 1 14 1,153
Monetary Policy Regimes and Economic Performance: The Historical Record 0 0 2 593 0 2 23 1,892
Money Growth Variability and Money Supply Interdependence Under InterestRate Control: Some Evidence For Canada 0 0 0 33 0 0 10 245
Money Stock Targeting, Base Drift and Price-Level Predictability: Lessons From the U.K. Experience 0 0 0 44 0 0 13 616
Money and Prices in the Nineteenth Century: Was Thomas Tooke Right? 0 0 0 95 0 2 10 300
Money versus Credit Rationing: Evidence for the National Banking Era, 1880-1914 0 0 0 33 1 1 4 194
On the evolution of U.S. foreign-exchange-market intervention: thesis, theory, and institutions 0 0 0 78 0 2 9 378
Real Versus Pseudo-International Systemic Risk: Some Lessons from History 0 0 0 403 0 0 19 1,586
Shadow Open Market Committee; Policy Statement and Position Papers 0 0 0 0 1 1 12 635
The ECU - An Imaginary or Embryonic Form of Money: What Can We Learn from History? 0 0 0 27 1 1 14 225
The Evolution of Wage and Employment in the Israeli Economy 1986-1991 0 0 0 0 5 5 10 187
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 0 0 63 1 2 32 149
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 0 0 72 1 1 23 92
The Federal Reserve as an Informed Foreign Exchange Trader: 1973 - 1995 0 0 0 33 1 3 10 127
The Federal Reserve as an informed foreign-exchange trader: 1973-1995 0 0 0 61 2 3 16 200
The Historical Origins of U.S. Exchange Market Intervention Policy 0 0 0 73 2 4 35 359
The Impact of Milton Friedman on Modern Monetary Economics: Setting the Record Straight on Paul Krugman's "Who Was Milton Friedman?" 0 0 2 381 1 4 33 1,214
The Interrelation of Wage Series of Firms to Each Other Land and to the Series of their Employment Level. Facts from Microdata 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 265
The Interrelation of the Time Series of Wage and Employment at the Firm Level, Common Features and Contracts 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 118
The Rise and Fall of Foreign Exchange Market Intervention 0 0 0 360 0 1 12 1,167
The Specie Standard As A Contingent Rule: Some Evidence for Core and Peripheral Countries, 1880-90 0 0 0 64 1 3 18 322
The Specie Standard as a Contingent Rule: Some Evidence for Core and Peripheral Countries, 1880-1990 0 0 1 50 0 0 21 377
The effects of regulation on systemic risks 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 43
The impact of Milton Friedman on modern monetary economics: setting the record straight on Paul Krugman’s 'Who Was Milton Friedman? 0 0 1 282 0 1 9 882
U.S. Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention and the Early Dollar Float: 1973 - 1981 0 0 0 38 1 4 17 94
U.S. Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan Era 0 0 0 19 1 2 12 124
U.S. Intervention During the Bretton Woods Era: 1962-1973 0 1 1 71 0 3 10 121
U.S. foreign-exchange-market intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan era 0 0 0 49 1 11 30 135
U.S. intervention and the early dollar float: 1973-1981 0 0 0 45 1 3 15 82
U.S. intervention during the Bretton Wood Era:1962-1973 0 0 0 81 1 3 17 209
U.S. monetary-policy evolution and U.S. intervention 0 0 0 111 0 1 8 113
Under What Circumstances, Past and Present, Have International Rescues of Countries in Financial Distress Been Successful? 0 0 0 83 0 0 15 573
Was Expansionary Monetary Policy Feasible During the Great Contraction? An Examination of the Gold Standard Constraint 0 0 0 359 1 5 20 3,469
What has Foreign Market Intervention Since the Plaza Agreement Accomplished? 0 0 0 78 1 4 12 390
Why Clashes Between Internal and External Stability Goals End in Currency Crises, 1797-1994 0 0 0 129 2 2 10 416
Total Working Papers 0 4 13 6,919 99 172 805 28,184

Journal Article File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
Aftermath of the monetarist clash with the federal reserve before and during the Volcker era 0 0 0 13 0 1 2 67
Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Economic Data 0 1 2 361 1 3 9 992
Assessing the Euro three years after its launch 0 0 0 115 0 1 9 389
Asset price inflation and monetary policy 0 0 0 33 0 1 13 192
Book Review: The Political Economy of American Monetary Policy 0 0 0 1 0 1 4 38
Clark Warburton: Pioneer monetarist 0 0 0 10 0 0 14 131
Comment on: Historical monetary policy analysis and the Taylor rule 0 0 0 27 0 1 8 114
Could Stable Money Have Averted the Great Contraction? 0 0 0 0 1 1 20 356
Currency boards: their past, present, and possible future role 0 0 3 415 0 1 14 916
Dangers in Bailing Out Countries That Are in Default by the International Monetary Fund or Others 0 0 0 1 0 1 4 13
Dealing with Exchange Rate Protectionism 0 0 0 3 0 1 9 48
Do Sovereign Debtors Need a Bankruptcy Law? 0 0 0 7 0 1 5 47
From Obscurity to Notoriety: A Biography of the Exchange Stabilization Fund 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 271
General and Miscellaneous - The Gold Standard in Theory and History. Edited by Barry Eichengreen. New York: Methuen, 1985. Pp. vi, 280. $11.95 paper 0 0 0 5 1 2 7 42
Global Order and the Future of the Euro 0 1 1 6 0 2 7 41
Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System. By Barry Eichengreen. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. Pp. vii, 223. $24.95 0 0 0 31 0 1 5 101
Has government any role in money? 0 0 2 554 3 3 19 1,174
Has the Growth of Money Substitutes Hindered Monetary Policy? 1 1 1 26 1 1 10 109
IS-LM and Monetarism 0 0 0 51 1 2 21 393
Inflation and output changes in France, Italy, and the Netherlands: A comment 0 0 0 9 0 0 8 45
International Debts: What's Fact and What's Fiction 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 226
International Financial Crises: Myths and Realities 0 0 0 6 0 0 8 43
International Monetary Cooperation since Bretton Woods. By Harold James. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp. xvi, 742. $45.00 0 0 0 27 0 0 3 93
Interrelations between the United States and the United Kingdom, 1873-1975 1 1 1 50 1 2 9 199
Is There a Need for an International Lender of Last Resort? 0 1 1 9 0 2 4 55
Measuring real economic effects of bailouts: historical perspectives on how countries in financial distress have fared with and without bailouts 0 0 0 165 0 0 17 862
Monetary Policy and the Legacy of Milton Friedman 0 0 1 12 0 3 8 55
Monetary economic research at the St. Louis Fed during Ted Balbach's tenure as research director 0 0 0 13 1 4 13 129
Money and Prices in the Nineteenth Century: An Old Debate Rejoined 1 1 1 8 1 1 5 41
Money and prices in the 19th century: Was Thomas Tooke right? 0 0 0 54 0 0 4 492
Money stock targeting, base drift, and price-level predictability: Lessons from the U.K. Experience 0 0 0 15 0 1 11 272
Origins of the Financial Market Crisis of 2008 0 0 0 114 0 2 15 377
PROSPECTS OF AN INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM CONSTITUTION 0 0 0 13 0 0 5 55
Portrait 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 12
Real versus Pseudo-International Systemic Risk Some Lessons from History 0 0 1 4 0 0 7 52
Reflections on the Gold Commission Report 0 0 0 57 0 0 7 272
Rejoinder to Paul Krugman 1 1 1 90 1 4 11 300
Remembering Milton Friedman 0 0 0 3 0 1 2 51
Risks to the long-term stability of the euro 0 1 1 53 1 2 10 292
Schwartz on Friedman 0 0 0 21 0 1 6 321
Secular Price Change in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 58 0 0 6 215
The Aliber, Dewald, and Gordon Papers: A Comment 0 0 0 8 0 0 7 71
The Beginning of Competitive Banking in Philadelphia, 1782-1809 0 1 1 38 0 1 3 161
The Behavior of Money Stock under Interest Rate Control: Some Evidence for Canada 0 0 0 16 0 0 14 144
The Definition of Money: Net Wealth and Neutrality as Criteria 0 0 2 645 0 1 13 3,038
The Effect of the Term Structure of Interest Rates on the Demand for Money in the United States 0 0 0 120 0 0 4 360
The Evolution of the Federal Reserve Swap Lines since 1962 0 1 4 41 1 3 42 240
The Federal Reserve as an Informed Foreign Exchange Trader: 1973–1995 0 0 0 16 2 3 11 202
The Golden Age of the Quantity Theory, by David Laidler. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1991. Pp. xv, 220. ISBN 0-691-04295-0 0 0 1 25 0 0 9 65
The Golden Constant: The English and American Experience, 1560–1976. By Roy W. Jastram. New York: John Wiley, 1977. Pp. xvii, 231; tables and charts 0 0 1 22 0 1 8 75
The Importance of Stable Money: Theory and Evidence 0 0 0 4 0 0 8 43
The National Bank Note Puzzle Reinterpreted 0 0 1 25 0 1 18 249
The Performance and Stability of Banking Systems under "Self-Regulation": Theory and Evidence 1 1 1 17 1 1 8 75
The Rise and Fall of Foreign Exchange Market Intervention as a Policy Tool 0 0 0 31 57 57 64 174
The Role of Monetary Policy in the Face of Crises 0 0 0 7 0 1 7 65
The banking crisis of 1993: Susan Estabrook Kennedy, (University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 1973) 270 pp 0 0 0 54 0 1 6 245
The failure of the bank of United States: A reappraisal: A reply 0 0 0 101 1 4 10 275
The historical origins of US exchange market intervention policy 0 0 0 39 0 2 12 228
The impact of Milton Friedman on modern monetary economics: Setting the record straight on Paul Krugman's "Who was Milton Friedman?" 0 0 0 200 2 11 63 1,475
The misuse of the Fed's discount window 0 0 0 114 0 0 19 491
Transmission of Real and Monetary Disturbances under Fixed and Floating Rates 0 0 0 14 0 1 8 64
US Foreign Exchange Market Intervention since 1962 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 218
Under what circumstances, past and present, have international rescues of countries in financial distress been successful? 0 0 0 35 1 2 16 524
Was Expansionary Monetary Policy Feasible during the Great Contraction? An Examination of the Gold Standard Constraint 0 0 2 107 0 5 29 658
What has foreign exchange market intervention since the Plaza Agreement accomplished? 0 0 0 36 0 0 16 154
Why A Monetary History Has Had a Long Life 0 0 0 7 0 1 11 48
Why a Dual Mandate is Wrong for Monetary Policy 0 0 1 76 0 1 9 210
Why clashes between internal and external stability goals end in currency crises, 1797–1994 1 2 2 41 1 2 13 224
Total Journal Articles 6 13 32 4,280 80 149 801 19,669
5 registered items for which data could not be found

Book File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 0 0 0 0 11 19 147 5,078
A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931 0 0 0 0 1 2 27 838
Currency Held by the Public, the Banks, and the Treasury, Monthly, December 1917–December 1944 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 141
From New Deal Banking Reform to World War II Inflation 0 0 0 0 1 1 12 204
Monetary Statistics of the United States: Estimates, Sources, Methods 0 0 0 0 7 14 35 1,283
Monetary Trends in the United States and United Kingdom: Their Relation to Income, Prices, and Interest Rates, 1867–1975 0 0 0 0 0 2 18 1,239
Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 415
Money in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 22
Money in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 0 0 2 28 734
Strained Relations 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 66
Strained Relations: US Foreign-Exchange Operations and Monetary Policy in the Twentieth Century 0 0 0 0 3 4 23 152
The Great Contraction, 1929–33 0 0 0 0 2 4 31 1,568
The International Transmission of Inflation 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 16
The International Transmission of Inflation 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 337
Total Books 0 0 0 0 25 49 380 12,093
2 registered items for which data could not be found

Chapter File Downloads Abstract Views
Last month 3 months 12 months Total Last month 3 months 12 months Total
A Century of British Market Interest Rates, 1874–1975 0 0 0 14 1 1 4 60
A Priori Approaches 0 1 1 36 0 2 9 109
Alternative Monetary Regimes: The Gold Standard 0 0 0 49 0 0 5 240
Alternative Policies 0 0 1 72 0 0 10 151
Annual, Semiannual, and Quarterly Estimates, 1867-1907 0 1 1 26 5 6 10 109
Appendices, Currency Held by the Public, the Banks, and the Treasury, Monthly, December 1917–December 1944 0 0 0 5 1 1 7 59
Appendix 1: Summaries of Bank of England Documents 0 1 2 3 15 16 21 26
Appendix 2: Empirical Method for Assessing Success Counts 0 0 0 1 15 16 22 29
Appendix: Publications of Anna J. Schwartz 0 0 1 8 0 0 15 114
Bank Failures 0 0 0 127 7 7 12 226
Basis for Our Choice of Definition 0 1 1 28 1 2 8 112
Charles Goodhart's contributions to the history of monetary institutions 0 0 2 7 0 0 14 51
Clark Warburton: Pioneer Monetarist 0 0 0 32 0 0 10 219
Comments on the Paper by Alan Budd, Sean Holly, Andrew Longbottom and David Smith 0 0 0 0 2 2 6 8
Comparison of Earlier Estimates With Our Own 0 1 1 13 0 1 7 65
Conclusion on Definition 0 1 1 24 0 1 3 139
Currency Held by the Public: Call Date and Monthly Estimates 0 1 1 17 0 1 9 94
Cyclical Changes, 1933–41 0 0 0 25 1 1 5 80
David Laidler on Monetarism 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 7
Definitions 0 0 1 13 0 0 5 98
Deposits and Commercial Banks: Call Dates 0 1 1 14 0 2 15 104
Deposits and Commercial Banks: Monthly Estimates 0 1 1 18 2 4 10 90
Deposits at Mutual Savings Banks: Call Date and Monthly Estimates 0 1 1 12 0 1 4 75
Deposits with the Postal Savings System 0 1 1 19 0 1 7 130
Derivation of the Series 0 0 0 2 0 0 8 42
Development of Monetary Policy 0 0 0 106 1 1 8 191
Division of Change in Income between Prices and Output 0 0 0 41 0 0 5 106
Do Currency Boards Have a Future? 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8
Epilogue: Foreign-Exchange-Market Operations in the Twenty-First Century 1 1 2 7 2 3 12 47
Estimates for the Period Before 1867 0 1 1 19 10 12 16 90
Estimates for the Period Since 1867 0 1 3 30 2 7 15 107
Exchange Market Policy in the United States: Precedents and Antecedents 0 0 0 1 0 1 7 16
Factors Accounting for Changes in the Stock of Money 0 0 0 105 0 0 2 208
From Gibson to Fisher 0 0 0 28 0 0 5 112
Front matter, Strained Relations: US Foreign-Exchange Operations and Monetary Policy in the Twentieth Century 1 1 2 12 3 4 9 51
General Features of Our Estimates 0 1 1 10 0 2 6 53
Glossary, Sources, Indexes 0 0 0 34 2 2 10 101
Gross Dividend and Interest Payments by Corporations at Selected Dates in the 19th Century 0 0 0 2 0 0 9 48
Has Government Any Role in Money? 0 0 2 285 0 0 14 723
Has the Growth of Money Substitutes Hindered Monetary Policy? 0 0 0 14 1 1 5 58
How Feasible Is a Flexible Monetary Policy? 0 0 0 19 0 0 9 120
II. The Mark III International Transmission Model 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 11
III. Capital Flows, Sterilization, Monetary Policy, and Exchange Intervention 0 0 0 7 0 0 9 36
IV. International Price Movements 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3
International Character of the Contraction 0 0 0 70 0 0 7 159
Introducing the Exchange Stabilization Fund, 1934–1961 0 0 0 3 0 1 10 20
Introduction to "A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931" 0 0 4 102 0 0 13 233
Introduction to "Monetary Statistics of the United States: Estimates, Sources, Methods" 0 1 1 112 0 2 12 270
Introduction to "The Great Contraction, 1929–33" 0 0 0 343 0 6 17 604
Lessons from the Evolution of US Monetary and Intervention Policies 0 1 2 5 0 1 5 15
Lessons of the Gold Standard Era and the Bretton Woods System for the Prospects of an International Monetary System Constitution 0 0 1 40 0 0 10 161
Library Policies for Research in Monetary Economics 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6
Long Swings in Growth Rates 0 0 0 29 0 0 6 88
Monetary Influences on Nominal Income 0 0 1 44 1 1 8 121
Monetary policy regimes and economic performance: The historical record 0 1 8 580 3 5 52 2,073
Money and Business Cycles 0 1 1 47 1 3 24 184
Money and Business Cycles 0 0 0 257 0 0 17 724
Money and Interest Rates 0 0 0 92 7 8 11 178
Money versus Credit Rationing: Evidence for the National Banking Era, 1880-1914 0 0 0 17 0 0 9 88
Movements of Money, Income, and Prices 0 0 0 71 2 2 7 149
New Deal Changes in the Banking Structure and Monetary Standard 0 0 1 32 0 0 4 119
Notes, References, Index 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 19
On the Evolution of US Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention: Thesis, Theory, and Institutions 0 0 0 4 0 3 14 59
Part One: Definition of Money, Introduction 0 1 1 84 0 1 8 231
Part Three: Derivation of Our Estimates, Introduction 0 1 1 14 1 3 12 64
Part Two: Earlier Estimates, Introduction 0 1 1 14 0 1 5 76
Principal Empirical Findings 0 0 0 75 0 0 8 169
Prior Usage 0 1 1 26 0 1 5 132
Real and Pseudo-Financial Crises 0 0 0 279 0 0 10 597
References 0 0 0 5 0 0 3 42
References 0 0 0 23 0 0 8 88
Reflections on the Gold Commission Report 0 0 0 29 0 1 7 109
Scope of the Study 0 0 0 30 0 0 10 230
Secular Price Change in Historical Perspective 0 0 0 37 2 2 15 140
Significance of Fluctuations in Currency Holdings 0 0 0 4 1 1 4 48
Sources and Accuracy of Basic Data 0 1 1 20 0 1 7 94
The Basic Data 0 0 2 52 0 0 8 118
The Beginning of Competitive Banking in Philadelphia, 1782–1809 0 0 0 37 0 0 2 136
The Course of Money, Income, Prices, Velocity, and Interest Rates 0 0 0 182 2 2 8 304
The ECU — An Imaginary or Embryonic Form of Money: What Can We Learn from History? 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 15
The General Statistical Framework 0 0 0 30 0 3 7 96
The General Theoretical Framework 0 0 1 61 0 0 5 182
The Importance of Stable Money: Theory and Evidence 0 0 0 14 0 2 11 84
The Postwar Institutional Evolution of the International Monetary System 0 0 0 7 0 0 5 60
The Postwar Institutional Evolution of the International Monetary System 0 0 0 13 0 0 10 67
The Role of Money 0 0 0 112 0 1 10 282
US Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention during the Volcker-Greenspan Era, 1981–1997 0 0 0 4 0 2 7 18
US Intervention and the Early Dollar Float, 1973–1981 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 23
US Intervention during the Bretton Woods Era, 1962–1973 0 0 1 5 1 2 11 37
Understanding 1929–1933 0 2 2 58 0 9 15 127
United States Government Balances 0 1 1 13 0 1 3 78
Velocity and the Demand for Money 0 0 1 86 0 1 9 247
Velocity and the Interrelations between the United States and the United Kingdom 0 0 0 27 1 1 7 93
Why Money Matters 0 0 0 25 1 2 6 90
Why Was Monetary Policy So Inept? 0 0 1 120 0 0 8 228
World War II Inflation, September 1939–August 1948 0 0 0 39 2 2 11 197
Total Chapters 2 28 61 4,661 96 171 881 14,298

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